[1] Luke B. Pregnancy and birth outcomes in couples with infertility with and without assisted reproductive technology: with an emphasis on US population-based studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2017; 217, 270-81. doi:  10.1016/j.ajog.2017.03.012
[2] Naina K, Kant SA. Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature. J Hum Reprod Sci, 2015; 8, 191-6. doi:  10.4103/0974-1208.170370
[3] Du PS, Cabler S, Mcalister DA, et al. The effect of obesity on sperm disorders and male infertility. Nat Rev Urol, 2010; 7, 153-61. doi:  10.1038/nrurol.2010.6
[4] Shaha C, Tripathi R, Mishra DP. Male germ cell apoptosis: regulation and biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2010; 365, 1501-15. doi:  10.1098/rstb.2009.0124
[5] Russell LD, Chiarini-Garcia H, Korsmeyer, SJ, et al. Bax-dependent spermatogonia apoptosis is required for testicular development and spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod, 2002; 66, 950-8. doi:  10.1095/biolreprod66.4.950
[6] Schaller CE, Wang CL, Beck-Engeser G, et al. Expression of Aire and the early wave of apoptosis in spermatogenesis. J Immunol, 2008; 180, 1338-43. doi:  10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1338
[7] Yan W, Mu Y, Yu N, et al. Protective effects of metformin on reproductive function in obese male rats induced by high-fat diet. J Assist Reprod Gen, 2015; 32, 1097-104. doi:  10.1007/s10815-015-0506-2
[8] Yang M, Yan WJ, Yin TL, et al. Curcumin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction. Mol Med Rep, 2016; 14, 3588-94. doi:  10.3892/mmr.2016.5712
[9] Wang H, Cai Y, Shao Y, et al. Fish Oil Ameliorates High-Fat Diet Induced Male Mouse Reproductive Dysfunction via Modifying the Rhythmic Expression of Testosterone Synthesis Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci, 2018; 19, E1325. doi:  10.3390/ijms19051325
[10] Miao XL, Gao GM, Jiang L, et al. Asiatic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced impaired spermatogenesis. Exp Ther Med, 2018; 15, 2397-403. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29467846
[11] Okajima M, Takamura M, Usui S, et al. Sodium 4-phenylbutylate protects against myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury by reducing unfolded protein response- mediated apoptosis in mice. Crit Care, 2010; 14, 2. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/OAPaper/oai_pubmedcentral.nih.gov_2934080
[12] Vilatoba M, Eckstein C, Bilbao G, et al. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate protects against liver ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-stress mediated apoptosis. Surgery, 2005; 138, 342-51, doi:  10.1016/j.surg.2005.04.019
[13] Takatori O, Usui S, Okajima M, et al. Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate Attenuates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury by Reducing the Unfolded Protein Response. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 2016; 22, 283-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27909014
[14] Ji YL, Wang H, Zhao XF, et al. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial pathway mediates cadmium-induced germ cell apoptosis in testes. Toxicol Sci, 2011; 124, 446-59. doi:  10.1093/toxsci/kfr232
[15] Park CS, Cha H, Kwon EJ, et al. The chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid attenuates pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012; 421, 578-84. doi:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.048
[16] Lupachyk S, Watcho P, Stavniichuk R, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes, 2013; 62, 944-52. doi:  10.2337/db12-0716
[17] Suresh S, Prithiviraj E, Prakash S. Effect of Mucuna pruriens on oxidative stress mediated damage in aged rat sperm. Int J Androl, 2010; 33, 22-32. doi:  10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00949.x
[18] Chen XL, Gong LZ, Xu JX. Antioxidative activity and protective effect of probiotics against high-fat diet-induced sperm damage in rats. Animal, 2013; 7, 287-92. doi:  10.1017/S1751731112001528
[19] Terpsidis KI, Papazahariadou MG, Taitzoglou IA, et al. Toxoplasma gondii: reproductive parameters in experimentally infected male rats. Exp Parasitol, 2009; 121, 238-41. doi:  10.1016/j.exppara.2008.11.006
[20] Shokri S, Aitken RJ, Abdolvahhabi M, et al. Exercise and supraphysiological dose of nandrolone decanoate increase apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2010; 106, 324-30. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=6a051e29f62ac46e5abf6fdc39f37768
[21] Keyhanmanesh R, Hamidian G, Alipour MR, et al. Protective effects of sodium nitrate against testicular apoptosis and spermatogenesis impairments in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Life Sci, 2018; 211, 63-73. doi:  10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.019
[22] Wyatt SB, Winters KP, Dubbert PM. Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem. Am J Med Sci, 2006; 331, 166-74. doi:  10.1097/00000441-200604000-00002
[23] Hruby A, Hu FB. The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. Pharmacoeconomics, 2015; 33, 673-89. doi:  10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x
[24] Kahn BE, Brannigan RE. Obesity and male infertility. Curr Opin Urol, 2017; 27, 441-5. doi:  10.1097/MOU.0000000000000417
[25] Jeng HA, Bocca SM. Influence of Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene on Mice Testicular Germ Cells during Spermatogenesis. J Toxicol, 2013; 2013, 387850. http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3885195
[26] Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Rajender S. Apoptosis, spermatogenesis and male infertility. Front Biosci (Elite Ed), 2012; 4, 746-45. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/NSTL_QKJJ0215059273/
[27] Hou S, Xian L, Shi P, et al. The Magea gene cluster regulates male germ cell apoptosis without affecting the fertility in mice. Sci Rep, 2016; 6, 26735. doi:  10.1038/srep26735
[28] Sukhotnik I, Nativ O, Roitburt A, et al. Methotrexate induces germ cell apoptosis and impairs spermatogenesis in a rat. Pediatr Surg Int, 2013; 29, 179-84. doi:  10.1007/s00383-012-3197-0
[29] Takada A, Miki T, Kuno AP, et al. Role of ER Stress in Ventricular Contractile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Plos One, 2012; 7, e39893. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0039893
[30] Liu L, Wu H, Zang J, et al. 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Reveals Good Beneficial Effects on Vital Organ Function via Anti-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Septic Rats. Crit Care Med, 2016; 44, e689-701. doi:  10.1097/CCM.0000000000001662
[31] Carlisle RE, Werner KE, Yum V, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition reduces hypertension through the preservation of resistance blood vessel structure and function. J Hypertens, 2016; 34, 1556-69. doi:  10.1097/HJH.0000000000000943
[32] Malo A, Krüger B, Göke B, et al. 4-Phenylbutyric acid reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress, trypsin activation, and acinar cell apoptosis while increasing secretion in rat pancreatic acini. Pancreas, 2013; 42, 92-101. doi:  10.1097/MPA.0b013e318259f6ca
[33] Park CS, Cha H, Kwon EJ, et al. The chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid attenuates pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012; 421, 578-84. doi:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.048
[34] Cui Y, Ren L, Li B, et al. Melatonin Relieves Busulfan-Induced Spermatogonial Stem Cell Apoptosis of Mouse Testis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2017; 44, 2407-21. doi:  10.1159/000486165
[35] Liu X, Jin X, Su R, et al. The reproductive toxicology of male SD rats after PM2.5 exposure mediated by the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chemosphere, 2017; 189, 547-55. doi:  10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.082
[36] Chow CY, Avila FW, Clark AG, et al. Induction of Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Drosophila Male Accessory Gland Results in Infertility. Plos One, 2015; 10, e0119386. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0119386