2018 Vol. 31, No. 5
2018, 31(5): 327-334.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.043
2018, 31(5): 335-342.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.044
2018, 31(5): 343-350.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.045
2018, 31(5): 351-362.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.046
2018, 31(5): 363-375.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.047
2018, 31(5): 376-381.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.048
The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016). In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLD), and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32, 200 person years, and 14.8 per 100, 000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei (YLD rate 28.6 per 100, 000), lowest in Macao (9.1 per 100, 000), while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100, 000 to 14.8 per 100, 000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.
2018, 31(5): 382-388.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.049
We sought to identify the differences between adolescents left behind in their home villages/towns (LBA) and non-left behind adolescents (NLB) on subjective well-being and family functioning due to parental migration in south China. We used a stratified cluster sampling method to recruit middle school students in a city experiencing population-emigration in Jiangxi Province in 2010. Participants included adolescents from families with: (1) one migrant parent, (2) both parents who migrated, or (3) non-left behind adolescents (i.e., no migrant parent). To determine predictors of subjective well-being, we used structural equation models. Adolescents left behind by both parents (LBB) were less likely to express life satisfaction (P = 0.038) in terms of their environments (P = 0.011) compared with NLB. A parent or parents who migrated predicts lower subjective well-being of adolescents (P = 0.051) and also lower academic performance. Being apart from their parents may affect family functioning negatively from an adolescent's viewpoint. Given the hundreds of millions of persons in China, many who are parents, migrating for work, there may be mental health challenges in some of the adolescents left behind.
2018, 31(5): 389-393.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.050
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are the target of β-lactam antibiotics (the major treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections), and mutations in PBPs are considered as a primary mechanism for the development of β-lactam resistance in S. pneumoniae. This study was conducted to investigate the mutations in the PBPs of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates in Hangzhou, China, in correlation with β-lactam resistance. Results showed that 19F was the predominant serotype (7/27) and 14 of the S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to both penicillin G and cephalosporin. Genotyping results suggested that β-lactam-resistant isolates primarily exhibited single-site mutations in both the STMK and SRNVP motifs of pbp1a in combination with double-site mutations in the STMK motif of pbp2x, which might be the primary mechanisms underlying the β-lactam resistance of the isolates in this study.
Several studies have demonstrated an association between physical activity and telomere length; however, the association remains inconsistent. A cross-sectional study consisting of 588 participants (375 females, median age of 33.8 years) was carried out to investigate the association between telomere length and physical activity in a general population from North China. The results show that relative telomere length is not significantly different in participants in the northern Chinese population with different levels of physical activity, either in the model only adjusted for age (F = 2.127, P = 0.120) or in the model adjusted for demographics and lifestyle (F = 1.227, P = 0.294). The gender-stratified analysis also produced insignificant results. Our study confirmed a non-significant association between physical activity and telomere length in the northern Chinese population, which adds to the inconsistent association between physical activity and telomere length across different ethnic populations.
2018, 31(5): 399-402.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.052
Infrasound widely exists in nature, our living condition, productive and traffic environment. Gastrointestinal tract is relatively sensitive to infrasound. However, the effect of infrasound on gastrointestinal function is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to observe the effects of infrasound on gastric motility and gastric morphology and to assess the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in gastric antrum after exposure to infrasound of 8 Hz - 130 dB for 2 hours per day for 14 consecutive days. Gastric motility was assessed by gastric fluid-emptying rate. Gastric morphology was evaluated by HE. The expression of NOS was measured by tissue microarray technology. The results would contribute to understand the role of infrasound in gastroenterology, and help to explain the mechanism of infrasound on gastroenterology.
2018, 31(5): 403-406.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.053
Seasonal outbreaks of airsacculitis in China's poultry cause great economic losses annually. This study tried to unveil the potential role of Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and Chlamydia psittaci (CPS) in avian airsacculitis. A serological investigation of 673 breeder chickens and a case-controlled study of 430 birds were undertaken. Results showed that infection with AMPV, ORT, and CPS was highly associated with the disease. The correlation between AMPV and CPS were positively robust in both layers and broilers. Finally, we determined the co-infection with AMPV, ORT, and CPS was prevalent in the sampled poultry farms suffering from respiratory diseases and the outbreak of airsacculitis was closely related to simultaneous exposure to all three agents.