[1] Chung CC, Shimer AL. Lumbosacral spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Clin Sports Med, 2021; 40, 471−90. doi:  10.1016/j.csm.2021.03.004
[2] Hu SS, Tribus CB, Diab M, et al. Spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2008; 90, 656−71.
[3] Wiltse LL, Widell Jr EH, Jackson DW. Fatigue fracture: the basic lesion is inthmic spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1975; 57, 17−22. doi:  10.2106/00004623-197557010-00003
[4] Debnath UK. Lumbar spondylolysis - Current concepts review. J Clin Orthop Trauma, 2021; 21, 101535. doi:  10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101535
[5] Wiltse LL, Newman PH, Macnab I. Classification of spondylolisis and spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1976; 23-9.
[6] Sakai T, Sairyo K, Takao S, et al. Incidence of lumbar spondylolysis in the general population in Japan based on multidetector computed tomography scans from two thousand subjects. Spine, 2009; 34, 2346−50. doi:  10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b4abbe
[7] Smith JA, Hu SS. Management of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the pediatric and adolescent population. Orthop Clin North Am, 1999; 30, 487−99. doi:  10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70101-2
[8] Mooney B. Spondylolisthesis. Can Med Assoc J, 1932; 26, 16−8.
[9] Engelke K, Museyko O, Wang L, et al. Quantitative analysis of skeletal muscle by computed tomography imaging-State of the art. J Orthop Translat, 2018; 15, 91−103. doi:  10.1016/j.jot.2018.10.004
[10] Li K, Zhang Y, Wang L, et al. The protocol for the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China Action on Spine and Hip status study. Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2018; 8, 667−72. doi:  10.21037/qims.2018.08.07
[11] Liu YD, Yu AH, Li K, et al. Differences in spine volumetric bone mineral density between grade 1 vertebral fracture and non-fractured participants in the China action on spine and hip status study. Front Endocrinol, 2022; 13, 1013597. doi:  10.3389/fendo.2022.1013597
[12] Koslosky E, Gendelberg D. Classification in brief: the meyerding classification system of spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2020; 478, 1125−30. doi:  10.1097/CORR.0000000000001153
[13] Wang L, Yin L, Zhao Y, et al. Muscle density discriminates hip fracture better than computed tomography X-ray absorptiometry hip areal bone mineral density. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2020; 11, 1799−812. doi:  10.1002/jcsm.12616
[14] Aoki Y, Takahashi H, Nakajima A, et al. Prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in patients with degenerative spinal disease. Sci Rep, 2020; 10, 6739. doi:  10.1038/s41598-020-63784-0
[15] Roche MB, Rowe GG. The incidence of separate neural arch and coincident bone variations; a summary. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1952; 34, 491−4. doi:  10.2106/00004623-195234020-00020
[16] Brooks BK, Southam SL, Mlady GW, et al. Lumbar spine spondylolysis in the adult population: using computed tomography to evaluate the possibility of adult onset lumbar spondylosis as a cause of back pain. Skeletal Radiol, 2010; 39, 669−73. doi:  10.1007/s00256-009-0825-4
[17] Tawfik S, Phan K, Mobbs RJ, et al. The incidence of pars interarticularis defects in athletes. Global Spine J, 2020; 10, 89−101. doi:  10.1177/2192568218823695
[18] Ward CV, Latimer B. Human evolution and the development of spondylolysis. Spine, 2005; 30, 1808−14. doi:  10.1097/01.brs.0000174273.85164.67
[19] Roche MB, Rowe GG. The incidence of separate neural arch and coincident bone variations. A survey of 4, 200 skeletons. Anat Rec, 1951; 109, 233−52. doi:  10.1002/ar.1091090207
[20] Belfi LM, Ortiz AO, Katz DS. Computed tomography evaluation of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in asymptomatic patients. Spine, 2006; 31, E907−10. doi:  10.1097/01.brs.0000245947.31473.0a
[21] He D, Li ZC, Zhang TY, et al. Prevalence of lumbar spondylolisthesis in middle-aged people in Beijing community. Orthop Surg, 2021; 13, 202−6. doi:  10.1111/os.12871
[22] Beutler WJ, Fredrickson BE, Murtland A, et al. The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: 45-year follow-up evaluation. Spine, 2003; 28, 1027−35.
[23] Fredrickson BE, Baker D, McHolick WJ, et al. The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984; 66, 699−707. doi:  10.2106/00004623-198466050-00008
[24] Kim KJ, Son S, Kim KJ, et al. Weight-adjusted waist as an integrated index for fat, muscle and bone health in adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2023; 14, 2196−203. doi:  10.1002/jcsm.13302
[25] Sobczyk MK, Faber BG, Southam L, et al. Causal relationships between anthropometric traits, bone mineral density, osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis: a Mendelian randomisation investigation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2024; 32, 719−29. doi:  10.1016/j.joca.2023.12.003
[26] Moseley GL, Hodges PW, Gandevia SC. Deep and superficial fibers of the lumbar multifidus muscle are differentially active during voluntary arm movements. Spine, 2002; 27, E29−36. doi:  10.1097/00007632-200201150-00013
[27] Park JH, Kim KW, Youn Y, et al. Association of MRI-defined lumbar paraspinal muscle mass and slip percentage in degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Medicine, 2019; 98, e18157. doi:  10.1097/MD.0000000000018157