[1] Viteri FE. A new concept in the control of iron deficiency: community-based preventive supplementation of at-risk groups by the weekly intake of iron supplements. Biomed Environ Sci, 1998; 11, 46−60.
[2] Mehdi U, Toto RD. Anemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Care, 2009; 32, 1320−6. doi:  10.2337/dc08-0779
[3] Balarajan Y, Ramakrishnan U, Özaltin E, et al. Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet, 2011; 378, 2123−35. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62304-5
[4] De Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, et al. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005; WHO global database of anaemia. World Health Organization. 2008.
[5] International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas ninth edition 2019. IDF. 2019.
[6] Shirvani T, Javadivala Z, Azimi S, et al. Community-based educational interventions for prevention of type II diabetes: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev, 2021; 10, 81. doi:  10.1186/s13643-021-01619-3
[7] Doustmohamadian S, Kia NS, Fatahi S. Associated factors of poor glycemic control in Iranian diabetic patients. Koomesh, 2021; 23, 372−8. doi:  10.52547/koomesh.23.3.372
[8] Olum R, Bongomin F, Kaggwa MM, et al. Anemia in diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2021; 15, 102260. doi:  10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102260
[9] Angelousi A, Larger E. Anaemia, a common but often unrecognized risk in diabetic patients: a review. Diabetes Metab, 2015; 41, 18−27. doi:  10.1016/j.diabet.2014.06.001
[10] Donnelly LA, Dennis JM, Coleman RL, et al. Risk of anemia with metformin use in type 2 diabetes: a MASTERMIND study. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43, 2493−9. doi:  10.2337/dc20-1104
[11] Cawood TJ, Buckley U, Murray A, et al. Prevalence of anaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Ir J Med Sci, 2006; 175, 25−7. doi:  10.1007/BF03167944
[12] Gulati M, Agrawal N. Study of prevalence of anaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Scholars J Appl Med Sci, 2016; 4, 1826−9.
[13] Rajagopal L, Ganesan V, Abdullah SM, et al. Exploring the interrelationship between electrolytes, anemia, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in type 2 diabetics. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2018; 11, 251−6.
[14] ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 2023; 46, S49−67. doi:  10.2337/dc23-S004
[15] Chung JO, Park SY, Cho DH, et al. Anemia, bilirubin, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Medicine, 2017; 96, e6586. doi:  10.1097/MD.0000000000006586
[16] Yorke E, Barnes NA, Akpalu J, et al. Predictors of anemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus without renal disease. Niger J Med, 2021; 30, 494−500. doi:  10.4103/NJM.NJM_131_21
[17] Ahmad J, Rafat D. HbA1c and iron deficiency: a review. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2013; 7, 118−22. doi:  10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.004
[18] Abate A, Birhan W, Alemu A. Association of anemia and renal function test among diabetes mellitus patients attending Fenote Selam Hospital, West Gojam, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Blood Disorders, 2013; 13, 6. doi:  10.1186/2052-1839-13-6
[19] He BB, Xu M, Wei L, et al. Relationship between anemia and chronic complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Iran Med, 2015; 18, 277−83.
[20] Roman RM, Lobo PI, Taylor RP, et al. Prospective study of the immune effects of normalizing the hemoglobin concentration in hemodialysis patients who receive recombinant human erythropoietin. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2004; 15, 1339−46. doi:  10.1097/01.ASN.0000125618.27422.C7
[21] Thambiah SC, Samsudin IN, George E, et al. Anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Hospital Putrajaya. Malays J Med Health Sci, 2015; 11, 49−61.
[22] Wright JA, Oddy MJ, Richards T. Presence and characterisation of anaemia in diabetic foot ulceration. Anemia, 2014; 2014, 104214.
[23] New JP, Aung T, Baker PG, et al. The high prevalence of unrecognized anaemia in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a population‐based study. Diabetic Med, 2008; 25, 564−9. doi:  10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02424.x
[24] Trevest K, Treadway H, Hawkins-van der Cingel G, et al. Prevalence and determinants of anemia in older people with diabetes attending an outpatient clinic: a cross-sectional audit. Clin Diabetes, 2014; 32, 158−62. doi:  10.2337/diaclin.32.4.158
[25] Faghir-Gangi M, Amanollahi A, Nikbina M, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Abdolmohamadi N. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 2023; 3.
[26] Kim C, Bullard KM, Herman WH, et al. Association between iron deficiency and A1C Levels among adults without diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006. Diabetes Care, 2010; 33, 780−5. doi:  10.2337/dc09-0836
[27] McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, et al. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO vitamin and mineral nutrition information system, 1993–2005. Public Health Nutr, 2009; 12, 444−54. doi:  10.1017/S1368980008002401
[28] Madmoli M. A systematic review study on the results of empowerment-based interventions in diabetic patients. Int Res Med Health Sci, 2019; 2, 1−7.
[29] Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. 2011, 1-12.
[30] Kengne AP, Czernichow S, Hamer M, et al. Anaemia, haemoglobin level and cause-specific mortality in people with and without diabetes. PLoS One, 2012; 7, e41875. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0041875
[31] Rathod GB, Parmar P, Rathod S, et al. Prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Int Arch Integ Med, 2016; 3, 12−6.
[32] Alsayegh F, Waheedi M, Bayoud T, et al. Anemia in diabetes: Experience of a single treatment center in Kuwait. Prim Care Diabetes, 2017; 11, 383−8. doi:  10.1016/j.pcd.2017.04.002
[33] Fiseha T, Adamu A, Tesfaye M, et al. Prevalence of anemia in diabetic adult outpatients in Northeast Ethiopia. PLoS One, 2019; 14, e0222111. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0222111
[34] Muhammad K, Mohsin S, Pirzada S, et al. Frequency of anemia among the patients of type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinic of mirpurkhas, sindh. RADS J Biol Res Appl Sci, 2020; 11, 89−95. doi:  10.37962/jbas.v11i2.298
[35] Engidaw MT, Feyisa MS. Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adult diabetes mellitus patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northcentral Ethiopia. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes, 2020; 13, 5017−23. doi:  10.2147/DMSO.S286365
[36] Manglunia A, Yadav A, Saxena GN. Anemia its presence and severity in type 2 DM and its relationship with micro and macro vascular complications. J Med Sci Clin Res, 2018; 6, 1163−74.
[37] Tujuba T, Ayele BH, Fage SG, et al. Anemia among adult diabetic patients attending a general hospital in eastern ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes, 2021; 14, 467−76. doi:  10.2147/DMSO.S289298
[38] Barbieri J, Fontela PC, Winkelmann ER, et al. Anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Anemia, 2015; 2015, 354737.
[39] Hosseini MS, Rostami Z, Saadat A, et al. Anemia and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrourol Mon, 2014; 6, e19976.
[40] Arkew M, Yemane T, Mengistu Y, et al. Hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic adult patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2021; 16, e0253286. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0253286
[41] Shaheen ES. Prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Med Sci Res, 2019; 2, 114. doi:  10.4103/JMISR.JMISR_29_19
[42] Gauci R, Hunter M, Bruce DG, et al. Anemia complicating type 2 diabetes: prevalence, risk factors and prognosis. J Diabetes Complications, 2017; 31, 1169−74. doi:  10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.002
[43] Arshad SA, Ara J. Anemia in diabetes–an added dilemma. Eur J Clin Med, 2021; 2, 139−41. doi:  10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.3.67
[44] Sharif A, Younus S, Baig K, et al. Prevalence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients. Health, 2014; 6, 1415−9. doi:  10.4236/health.2014.612173
[45] Idris I, Tohid H, Muhammad NA, et al. Anaemia among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD): a multicentred cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 2018; 8, e025125. doi:  10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025125
[46] Al-Ghazaly J, Atef Z, Al-Dubai W. Pattern and causes of anemia in yemeni patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Biomed, 2019; 6, 66−74.
[47] Johnson-Wimbley TD, Graham DY. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in the 21st century. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2011; 4, 177−84. doi:  10.1177/1756283X11398736
[48] A Manglunia, A Yadav, G Saxena. Anemia its presence and severity in type 2 DM and its relationship with micro and macro vascular complications. J Med Sci and Clin Res, 2018; 6, 1163−74.
[49] Intra J, Limonta G, Cappellini F, et al. Glycosylated hemoglobin in subjects affected by iron-deficiency anemia. Diabetes Metab J, 2019; 43, 539−44. doi:  10.4093/dmj.2018.0072
[50] Madhu SV, Raj A, Gupta S, et al. Effect of iron deficiency anemia and iron supplementation on HbA1c levels-Implications for diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus in Asian Indians. Clin Chim Acta, 2017; 468, 225−9. doi:  10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.003
[51] Eyth E, Naik R. Hemoglobin A1c. StatPearls Publishing. 2019.
[52] Mulpuri N, Bryant A, Shahin D, et al. The hemoglobin wayne variant and association with falsely elevated HbA1c. JCEM Case Rep, 2023; 1, luad043. doi:  10.1210/jcemcr/luad043
[53] Alzahrani BA, Salamatullah HK, Alsharm FS, et al. The effect of different types of anemia on HbA1c levels in non-diabetics. BMC Endocr Disord, 2023; 23, 24. doi:  10.1186/s12902-023-01280-y
[54] Mazumder H, Islam KF, Rahman F, et al. Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2023; 18, e0285336. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0285336
[55] Bansal RK, Agarwal K, Goyal M, et al. Study of iron and vitamin b12 deficiency anaemia at glycosylated hemoglobin level: a case control study. Indian J Basic Appl Med Res, 2019; 8, 211−6.
[56] Muhammed Shabeeb N, Siddiq A, Bharathi D, et al. A Study on prevalence of type ii diabetes mellitus patients with anemia in teaching hospital. 2021.
[57] Taderegew MM, Gebremariam T, Tareke AA, et al. Anemia and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North-East Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. J Blood Med, 2020; 11, 47−58. doi:  10.2147/JBM.S243234
[58] Conway BN, Badders AN, Costacou T, et al. Perfluoroalkyl substances and kidney function in chronic kidney disease, anemia, and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2018; 11, 707−16. doi:  10.2147/DMSO.S173809
[59] Gu LB, Lou QL, Wu HD, et al. Lack of association between anemia and renal disease progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig, 2016; 7, 42−7. doi:  10.1111/jdi.12368