[1] Singer AC, Thompson JR, Filho CRM, et al. A world of wastewater-based epidemiology. Nat Water, 2023; 1, 408−15. doi:  10.1038/s44221-023-00083-8
[2] Cyranoski D. China expands surveillance of sewage to police illegal drug use. Nature, 2018; 559, 310−1. doi:  10.1038/d41586-018-05728-3
[3] National Institute of Environmental Health, China CDC. The 2023 national wastewater surveillance project of COVID-19 training course was successfully held in Hefei. https://iehs.chinacdc.cn/hydt/202310/t20231017_270135.html. [2023].
[4] Zheng QD, Duan L, He YS, et al. Wastewater-based epidemiology in China: a decade of advancements and challenges. J Hazard Mater Adv, 2025; 19, 100792.
[5] Zhou XX, Liu SC, Zhang ML, et al. Wastewater-based estimation of diabetes mellitus prevalence in 237 cities: a cross-China study. Sci Total Environ, 2024; 924, 171659. doi:  10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171659
[6] Verhagen R, Kaserzon SL, Thomas KV, et al. Exploring drug consumption patterns across varying levels of remoteness in Australia. Sci Total Environ, 2023; 903, 166163. doi:  10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166163
[7] Shi C, Zhang ML, Zhou XX, et al. Correlation study on influenza epidemic in representative 5 cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River based on detection of oseltamivir metabolite in wastewater. J China Pharm Univ, 2025; 56, 155−9. (In Chinese)
[8] Du P, Zhou ZL, Huang HM, et al. Estimating population exposure to phthalate esters in major Chinese cities through wastewater-based epidemiology. Sci Total Environ, 2018; 643, 1602−9. doi:  10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.325
[9] Fu SZ, Zhang YX, Wang R, et al. Longitudinal wastewater surveillance of four key pathogens during an unprecedented large-scale COVID-19 outbreak in China facilitated a novel strategy for addressing public health priorities–a proof of concept study. Water Res, 2023; 247, 120751. doi:  10.1016/j.watres.2023.120751
[10] Du P, Zheng QD, Thomas KV, et al. A revised excretion factor for estimating ketamine consumption by wastewater-based epidemiology – utilising wastewater and seizure data. Environ Int, 2020; 138, 105645. doi:  10.1016/j.envint.2020.105645
[11] Shao XT, Ma XD, Li JL, et al. Evaluating dextrorphan as a wastewater biomarker for cough suppressant use: a longitudinal study in China. Water Res, 2025; 285, 124119. doi:  10.1016/j.watres.2025.124119
[12] Wang M, Wang H, Chen JF, et al. Tracking human exposure to DPG and its derivatives: wastewater and urine analysis in Guangzhou, China. Water, 2025; 17, 1130. doi:  10.3390/w17081130
[13] Shao XT, Zhao YT, Jiang B, et al. Evaluation of three chronic diseases by selected biomarkers in wastewater. ACS EST Water, 2023; 3, 943−53. doi:  10.1021/acsestwater.2c00452
[14] Li YH, Du C, Lv ZQ, et al. Rapid and extensive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection wave revealed by wastewater surveillance in Shenzhen following the lifting of a strict COVID-19 strategy. Sci Total Environ, 2024; 949, 175235. doi:  10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175235
[15] Zhang ZQ, Li QX, He FL, et al. Sewage surveillance revealed the seasonality and prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus and its implications for seasonal immunization strategy in low and middle-income regions of China. Water Res, 2025; 270, 122828. doi:  10.1016/j.watres.2024.122828
[16] Fu SZ, Du X, Xu Z, et al. The potential of wastewater monitoring as a novel surveillance tool for early warning of Bordetella pertussis outbreaks. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2025; 14, 2528537. doi:  10.1080/22221751.2025.2528537
[17] Thai PK, Lai FY, Bruno R, et al. Refining the excretion factors of methadone and codeine for wastewater analysis—combining data from pharmacokinetic and wastewater studies. Environ Int, 2016; 94, 307−14. doi:  10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.033
[18] Thai PK, Tscharke BJ, O'Brien JW, et al. Estimating alcohol consumption by wastewater-based epidemiology: an assessment of the correction factor for ethyl sulfate using large-scale national monitoring data. Environ Sci Technol Lett, 2021; 8, 333−8. doi:  10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00065
[19] Zhao ZY, Yuan JY, Zheng QD, et al. Utilizing national wastewater and sales data to derive and validate the correction factors of five common antidepressants for wastewater-based epidemiology. Water Res, 2025; 276, 123263. doi:  10.1016/j.watres.2025.123263
[20] Standard Drafters of Methods for Enrichment and Nucleic Acid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage. Methods for enrichment and nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage. Chin J Prev Med, 2022; 56, 891−6. (In Chinese)
[21] Shenzhen Association of Standardization. General technical requirements for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants from wastewater based on high-throughput sequencing technology. 2024.
[22] Mao K, Zhang H, Pan YW, et al. Nanomaterial-based aptamer sensors for analysis of illicit drugs and evaluation of drugs consumption for wastewater-based epidemiology. TrAC Trend Anal Chem, 2020; 130, 115975. doi:  10.1016/j.trac.2020.115975
[23] Fu SZ, Yang Q, Sheng YJ, et al. Metagenomics combined with comprehensive validation as a public health risk assessment tool for urban and agricultural run-off. Water Res, 2022; 209, 117941. doi:  10.1016/j.watres.2021.117941
[24] Bade R, Huchthausen J, Huber C, et al. Improving wastewater-based epidemiology for new psychoactive substance surveillance by combining a high-throughput in vitro metabolism assay and LC−HRMS metabolite identification. Water Res, 2024; 253, 121297. doi:  10.1016/j.watres.2024.121297
[25] Yu H, Shao XT, Liu SY, et al. Estimating dynamic population served by wastewater treatment plants using location-based services data. Environ Geochem Health, 2021; 43, 4627−35. doi:  10.1007/s10653-021-00954-7
[26] Che XF, Zheng XY, Tao WJ, et al. Improved entropy-CRITIC population model based on temporal and spatial variability: construction and application in wastewater epidemiology. Sci Total Environ, 2025; 958, 177807. doi:  10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177807
[27] Baz-Lomba JA, Di Ruscio F, Amador A, et al. Assessing alternative population size proxies in a wastewater catchment area using mobile device data. Environ Sci Technol, 2019; 53, 1994−2001. doi:  10.1021/acs.est.8b05389
[28] Baz-Lomba JA, van Nuijs AN, Lenart-Boroń A, et al. Bridging the gap between research and decision making: a European survey to enhance cooperation in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for illicit drugs. Public Health, 2025; 241, 158−63. doi:  10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.009