[1] Lv YL, Liu YM, Dong KX, et al. Association of serum uric acid with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in cardiovascular disease patients. Sci Rep, 2024; 14, 26675. doi:  10.1038/s41598-024-76970-1
[2] Wu D, Niu JJ, Hu JP, et al. Metabolomics combined with metagenomics analysis reveals the potential mechanism of Zhejiang psyllium polysaccharides against hyperuricemia in rats. Sci Rep, 2025; 15, 24180. doi:  10.1038/s41598-025-09048-1
[3] Li CG, Lu J, Lv Z, et al. Clinical practice consensus statement 2025: management of hyperuricemia and gout in adolescents. Int J Rheum Dis, 2025; 28, e70378. doi:  10.1111/1756-185x.70378
[4] Allada R, Bass J. Circadian mechanisms in medicine. N Engl J Med, 2021; 384, 550−61. doi:  10.1056/NEJMra1802337
[5] Huang TY. Sleep irregularity, circadian disruption, and cardiometabolic disease risk. Circ Res, 2025; 137, 709−26. doi:  10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.125.325613
[6] Arora S, Houdek P, Čajka T, et al. Chronodisruption that dampens output of the central clock abolishes rhythms in metabolome profiles and elevates acylcarnitine levels in the liver of female rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2025; 241, e14278. doi:  10.1111/apha.14278
[7] Li XM, Xu XH, Song Y, et al. An association between cumulative exposure to light at night and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in steel workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 2021; 34, 385−401. doi:  10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01648
[8] Yin H, Liu N, Chen J. The role of the intestine in the development of hyperuricemia. Front Immunol, 2022; 13, 845684. doi:  10.3389/fimmu.2022.845684
[9] Xu YX, Liu LD, Zhu JY, et al. Alistipes indistinctus-derived hippuric acid promotes intestinal urate excretion to alleviate hyperuricemia. Cell Host Microbe, 2024; 32, 366-81. e9.
[10] Miyazaki R, Ohashi Y, Sakurai T, et al. First verification of human small intestinal uric acid secretion and effect of ABCG2 polymorphisms. J Transl Med, 2025; 23, 257. doi:  10.1186/s12967-025-06145-7
[11] Liang X, Bushman FD, Fitzgerald GA. Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015; 112, 10479−84. doi:  10.1073/pnas.1501305112
[12] Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K. Interaction between the microbiota, epithelia, and immune cells in the intestine. Annu Rev Immunol, 2020; 38, 23−48. doi:  10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104
[13] Altaha B, Heddes M, Pilorz V, et al. Genetic and environmental circadian disruption induce weight gain through changes in the gut microbiome. Mol Metab, 2022; 66, 101628. doi:  10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101628
[14] Hussain A, Rui BQ, Ullah H, et al. Limosilactobacillus reuteri HCS02-001 attenuates hyperuricemia through gut microbiota-dependent regulation of uric acid biosynthesis and excretion. Microorganisms, 2024; 12, 637. doi:  10.3390/microorganisms12040637
[15] Heddes M, Altaha B, Niu YH, et al. The intestinal clock drives the microbiome to maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis. Nat Commun, 2022; 13, 6068. doi:  10.1038/s41467-022-33609-x
[16] Zhang QQ, Zhao Q, Li T, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum-derived indole-3-lactic acid ameliorates colorectal tumorigenesis via epigenetic regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity. Cell Metab, 2023; 35, 943-60. e9.
[17] Ying Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, et al. Mechanism of intestinal flora affecting SLC2A9 transport function to promote the formation of hyperuricemia. Heliyon, 2024; 10, e40597. doi:  10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40597
[18] Qian X, Li Q, Zhu HY, et al. Bifidobacteria with indole-3-lactic acid-producing capacity exhibit psychobiotic potential via reducing neuroinflammation. Cell Rep Med, 2024; 5, 101798. doi:  10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101798
[19] Bharathiraja P, Yadav P, Sajid A, et al. Natural medicinal compounds target signal transduction pathways to overcome ABC drug efflux transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat, 2023; 71, 101004. doi:  10.1016/j.drup.2023.101004
[20] Fan XJ, Chen DF, Wang Y, et al. Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2022; 322, E1−9. doi:  10.1152/ajpendo.00025.2021
[21] Song SY, Lou Y, Mao YY, et al. Alteration of gut microbiome and correlated amino acid metabolism contribute to hyperuricemia and Th17-driven inflammation in Uox-KO mice. Front Immunol, 2022; 13, 804306. doi:  10.3389/fimmu.2022.804306
[22] Furuhashi M. New insights into purine metabolism in metabolic diseases: role of xanthine oxidoreductase activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2020; 319, E827−34. doi:  10.1152/ajpendo.00378.2020
[23] Pácha J, Balounová K, Soták M. Circadian regulation of transporter expression and implications for drug disposition. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2021; 17, 425−39. doi:  10.1080/17425255.2021.1868438
[24] Litichevskiy L, Thaiss CA. The oscillating gut microbiome and its effects on host circadian biology. Annu Rev Nutr, 2022; 42, 145−64. doi:  10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-111321
[25] Zheng BY, Wang LW, Sun SL, et al. The molecular interplay between the gut microbiome and circadian rhythms: an integrated review. Front Microbiol, 2025; 16, 1712516. doi:  10.3389/fmicb.2025.1712516
[26] Muralidharan J, Romain C, Chung L, et al. Effect of Sinetrol® Xpur on metabolic health and adiposity by interactions with gut microbiota: a randomized, open label, dose-response clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond), 2024; 21, 83. doi:  10.1186/s12986-024-00851-7
[27] Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, et al. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health. Gut Microbes, 2020; 12, 1802866. doi:  10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866
[28] Shen YJ, Li CY, Zhang X, et al. Gut microbiota linked to hydrocephalus through inflammatory factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol, 2024; 15, 1372051. doi:  10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372051
[29] Rouskas K, Guela M, Pantoura M, et al. The influence of an AI-driven personalized nutrition program on the human gut microbiome and its health implications. Nutrients, 2025; 17, 1260. doi:  10.3390/nu17071260
[30] Su XM, Gao YH, Yang RC. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites maintain gut and systemic homeostasis. Cells, 2022; 11, 2296. doi:  10.3390/cells11152296
[31] Fan YT, Li LY, Madjirebaye P, et al. Probiotics with ABCG2 expression ability and gut microbiota homeostasis exhibit anti-hyperuricemia potential by promoting uric acid excretion. J Funct Foods, 2025; 128, 106814. doi:  10.1016/j.jff.2025.106814
[32] Li J, Song LX, Liang XF, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum TY-S8 ameliorates hyperuricemia through the regulation of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism in mice. Food Funct, 2026; 17, 1952−69. doi:  10.1039/D5FO04423E
[33] Ding YF, Yanagi K, Yang F, et al. Oral supplementation of gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate alleviates diet-induced steatosis and inflammation in mice. eLife, 2024; 12, RP87458. doi:  10.7554/eLife.87458.3
[34] Cervantes-Barragan L, Chai JN, Tianero MD, et al. Lactobacillus reuteri induces gut intraepithelial CD4+CD8αα+ T cells. Science, 2017; 357, 806−10. doi:  10.1126/science.aah5825
[35] Meng D, Sommella E, Salviati E, et al. Indole-3-lactic acid, a metabolite of tryptophan, secreted by Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is anti-inflammatory in the immature intestine. Pediatr Res, 2020; 88, 209−17. doi:  10.1038/s41390-019-0740-x
[36] Tan KP, Wang B, Yang MD, et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a transcriptional activator of the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Mol Pharmacol, 2010; 78, 175−85. doi:  10.1124/mol.110.065078
[37] Zhao MJ, Xing HJ, Chen M, et al. Circadian clock-controlled drug metabolism and transport. Xenobiotica, 2020; 50, 495−505. doi:  10.1080/00498254.2019.1672120
[38] Walker WH, Walton JC, Devries AC, et al. Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health. Transl Psychiatry, 2020; 10, 28. doi:  10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0
[39] Zhang ZC, Li WN, Han X, et al. Circadian rhythm disruption-mediated downregulation of Bmal1 exacerbates DSS-induced colitis by impairing intestinal barrier. Front Immunol, 2024; 15, 1402395. doi:  10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402395
[40] Tian YT, Zhao R, Xiao SL, et al. Multi-omics assessment of gut microbiota in circadian rhythm disorders: a cross-sectional clinical study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2025; 15, 1524987. doi:  10.3389/fcimb.2025.1524987
[41] Bishehsari F, Post Z, Swanson GR, et al. Circadian rhythms in gastroenterology: the biological clock's impact on gut health. Gastroenterology, 2025; 169, 1380−96. doi:  10.1053/j.gastro.2025.06.017
[42] Zhang FL, Tian JJ, Li JT, et al. ILA mitigates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction via lipid-immune crosstalk and gut microbiota modulation in zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2025; 167, 110683. doi:  10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110683
[43] Zhao SB, Cao HL, Sun FW, et al. Investigating the modulatory effects of Pu-erh tea on the gut microbiota in ameliorating hyperuricemia induced by circadian rhythm disruption. Food Funct, 2025; 16, 2669−86. doi:  10.1039/D4FO05659K
[44] Duval CJ, Bottone S, Schaffner-Reckinger E, et al. The impact of RAS on cell differentiation in health and disease. Biochem J, 2025; 482, 1737−56. doi:  10.1042/BCJ20253364
[45] Simanshu DK, Nissley DV, McCormick F. RAS proteins and their regulators in human disease. Cell, 2017; 170, 17−33. doi:  10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.009
[46] Sadeghi Shaker M, Rokni M, Mahmoudi M, et al. Ras family signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol, 2023; 14, 1151246. doi:  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151246
[47] Doherty CJ, Kay SA. Circadian control of global gene expression patterns. Annu Rev Genet, 2010; 44, 419−44. doi:  10.1146/annurev-genet-102209-163432
[48] Relógio A, Thomas P, Medina-Pérez P, et al. Ras-mediated deregulation of the circadian clock in cancer. PLoS Genet, 2014; 10, e1004338. doi:  10.1371/journal.pgen.1004338
[49] Loo TM, Kamachi F, Watanabe Y, et al. Gut microbiota promotes obesity-associated liver cancer through PGE2-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity. Cancer Discov, 2017; 7, 522−38. doi:  10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0932
[50] Yang WJ, Cong YZ. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the regulation of host immune responses and immune-related inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Immunol, 2021; 18, 866−77. doi:  10.1038/s41423-021-00661-4
[51] Avery EG, Bartolomaeus H, Maifeld A, et al. The gut microbiome in hypertension: recent advances and future perspectives. Circ Res, 2021; 128, 934−50. doi:  10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318065