| [1] | Fan JG, Xu XY, Yang RX, et al. Guideline for the prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (version 2024). J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2024; 12, 955−74. |
| [2] | Teng ML, Ng CH, Huang DQ, et al. Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2023; 29, S32−42. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0365 |
| [3] | Younossi ZM, Razavi H, Sherman M et al. Addressing the high and rising global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH): from the growing prevalence to payors' perspective. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2025; 61, 1467−78. doi: 10.1111/apt.70020 |
| [4] | Stefan N, Cusi K. A global view of the interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022; 10, 284−96. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00003-1 |
| [5] | Le MH, Yeo YH, Zou BY, et al. Forecasted 2040 global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using hierarchical Bayesian approach. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2022; 28, 841−50. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0239 |
| [6] | Li WH, Alazawi W, Loomba R. Current and emerging therapeutic landscape for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2026; 11, 150−62. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(25)00260-2 |
| [7] | Fares R, Mohammed A, Khalil MAF, et al. miRNA-574-5p and miRNA-522 as potential biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gene Med, 2025; 27, e70042. doi: 10.1002/jgm.70042 |
| [8] | Cerabino N, Di Chito M, Guido D, et al. Liver fibrosis is positively and independently associated with leptin circulating levels in individuals that are overweight and obese: a FibroScan-based cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 2025; 17, 1908. doi: 10.3390/nu17111908 |
| [9] | Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023; 21, 931-9. e5. |
| [10] | Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis (2019). Chin J Hepatol, 2019; 27, 657−67. (In Chinese) |
| [11] | Tilg H, Petta S, Stefan N, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in adults: a review. JAMA, 2026; 335, 163−74. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.19615 |
| [12] | Mehta M, Shah J, Joshi U. Understanding insulin resistance in NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on HOMA-IR in South Asians. Cureus, 2024; 16, e70768. |
| [13] | Kalavalapalli S, Leiva EG, Lomonaco R, et al. Adipose tissue insulin resistance predicts the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2023; 108, 1192−201. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac660 |
| [14] | Li Q, Shen QL, Xu CN, et al. A self-test prediction model to determine the probability risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Environ Sci, 2020; 33, 857−61. |
| [15] | Feng XX, Zhang RT, Yang ZY, et al. Mechanism of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: important role of lipid metabolism. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2024; 12, 815−26. doi: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00019 |
| [16] | Zhang ZF, Wang J. Correlation between PLT, MPV, PDW and liver fibrosis and inflammatory activity in patients with NAFLD: a retrospective case-control study. Medicine, 2025; 104, e43815. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000043815 |
| [17] | Ding RR, Zheng JM, Huang D, et al. INR-to-platelet ratio (INPR) as a novel noninvasive index for predicting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Int J Med Sci, 2021; 18, 1159−66. doi: 10.7150/ijms.51799 |
| [18] | Tang X, Yang L, Zhang PL, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and liver fibrosis in Chinese patients. J Infect Dis, 2023; 228, 1375−84. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad140 |
| [19] | Mosca A, Comparcola D, Romito I, et al. Plasma N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen accurately predicts liver fibrosis severity in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int, 2019; 39, 2317−29. doi: 10.1111/liv.14225 |
| [20] | Hoekstra M, Van Eck M. High-density lipoproteins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atheroscler Plus, 2023; 53, 33−41. doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.08.001 |
| [21] | Liang B, Qiu X, Huang JS, et al. Nonlinear associations of the hs-CRP/HDL-C index with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and advanced liver fibrosis in US adults: insights from NHANES 2017-2018. Sci Rep, 2025; 15, 4029. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88685-y |
| [22] | Zhao H, Qiu X, Li HZ, et al. Association between serum uric acid to HDL-cholesterol ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk among Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci, 2023; 36, 1−9. |
| [23] | Parikh ND, Mehta M, Tapper EB. FIB-4 and APRI for cirrhosis detection in a privately insured national cohort. JHEP Rep, 2024; 6, 100925. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100925 |
| [24] | Graupera I, Thiele M, Serra-Burriel M, et al. Low accuracy of FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores for screening for liver fibrosis in the population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022; 20, 2567-76. e6. |