[1] Song PG, Fang Z, Wang HY, et al. Global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study. Lancet Glob Health, 2020; 8, e721−9. doi:  10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30117-0
[2] Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham risk score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 2008; 300, 197−208. doi:  10.1001/jama.300.2.197
[3] Ohkuma T, Ninomiya T, Tomiyama H, et al. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the risk prediction of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hypertension, 2017; 69, 1045−52. doi:  10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09097
[4] Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet, 2010; 375, 2073−81. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60674-5
[5] Lloyd-Jones DM. Short-term versus long-term risk for coronary artery disease: implications for lipid guidelines. Curr Opin Lipidol, 2006; 17, 619−25. doi:  10.1097/MOL.0b013e3280108740
[6] Vita JA, Keaney JF Jr, Larson MG, et al. Brachial artery vasodilator function and systemic inflammation in the Framingham offspring study. Circulation, 2004; 110, 3604−9. doi:  10.1161/01.CIR.0000148821.97162.5E
[7] Vlachopoulos C, Dima I, Aznaouridis K, et al. Acute systemic inflammation increases arterial stiffness and decreases wave reflections in healthy individuals. Circulation, 2005; 112, 2193−200. doi:  10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.535435
[8] Scurt FG, Menne J, Brandt S, et al. Systemic inflammation precedes microalbuminuria in diabetes. Kidney Int Rep, 2019; 4, 1373−86. doi:  10.1016/j.ekir.2019.06.005
[9] Kaplan RC, Frishman WH. Systemic inflammation as a cardiovascular disease risk factor and as a potential target for drug therapy. Heart Dis, 2001; 3, 326−32.
[10] Wang XD, Zhang GY, Jiang XH, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in relation to risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among patients undergoing angiography or cardiac revascularization: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Atherosclerosis, 2014; 234, 206−13. doi:  10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.003
[11] Faria SS, Fernandes PC Jr, Silva MJB, et al. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: a narrative review. Ecancermedicalscience, 2016; 10, 702.
[12] McMillan DC. Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2009; 12, 223−6. doi:  10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832a7902
[13] Mallappa S, Sinha A, Gupta S, et al. Preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio >5 is a prognostic factor for recurrent colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis, 2013; 15, 323−8. doi:  10.1111/codi.12008
[14] An X, Ding PR, Li YH, et al. Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in advanced pancreatic cancer. Biomarkers, 2010; 15, 516−22. doi:  10.3109/1354750X.2010.491557
[15] Cho H, Hur HW, Kim SW, et al. Pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer and predicts survival after treatment. Cancer Immunol, Immunother, 2009; 58, 15−23. doi:  10.1007/s00262-008-0516-3
[16] Ohno Y, Nakashima J, Ohori M, et al. Clinical variables for predicting metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who might not benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and performance status. Int J Clin Oncol, 2014; 19, 139−45. doi:  10.1007/s10147-012-0514-5
[17] Afari ME, Bhat T. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and cardiovascular diseases: an update. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2016; 14, 573−7. doi:  10.1586/14779072.2016.1154788
[18] Wang H, Hu YH, Geng YT, et al. The relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and artery stiffness in subtypes of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2017; 19, 780−5. doi:  10.1111/jch.13002
[19] Kawamoto R, Ninomiya D, Kikuchi A, et al. Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with early renal dysfunction and albuminuria among diabetic patients. Int Urol Nephrol, 2019; 51, 483−90. doi:  10.1007/s11255-018-02065-2
[20] Li M, Xu Y, Xu M, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoporotic fracture in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012; 97, 2033−8. doi:  10.1210/jc.2011-3010
[21] Wang B, Zhao ZY, Liu SS, et al. Impact of diabetes on subclinical atherosclerosis and major cardiovascular events in individuals with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2021; 177, 108873. doi:  10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108873
[22] Jin LN, Huang Y, Bi YF, et al. Association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in 19, 215 middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2011; 92, 386−92. doi:  10.1016/j.diabres.2011.02.033
[23] Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, et al. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2011; 8, 115. doi:  10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
[24] He W, Li QQ, Yang M, et al. Lower BMI cutoffs to define overweight and obesity in China. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2015; 23, 684−91. doi:  10.1002/oby.20995
[25] Xu BH, Dai M, Li M, et al. Low-grade albuminuria is associated with peripheral artery disease in Chinese diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis, 2014; 232, 285−8. doi:  10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.046
[26] Lin L, Zhang J, Jiang L, et al. Transition of metabolic phenotypes and risk of subclinical atherosclerosis according to BMI: a prospective study. Diabetologia, 2020; 63, 1312−23. doi:  10.1007/s00125-020-05116-5
[27] Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM, et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the strong heart study. Circulation, 2004; 109, 733−9. doi:  10.1161/01.CIR.0000112642.63927.54
[28] Stevens PE, Levin A. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med, 2013; 158, 825−30. doi:  10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007
[29] American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with peripheral artery disease (updating the 2005 guideline). Vasc Med, 2011; 16, 452−76. doi:  10.1177/1358863X11424312
[30] Ouriel K. Peripheral arterial disease. Lancet, 2001; 358, 1257−64. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06351-6
[31] Liu NN, Sheng JL, Pan TR, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio are associated with lower extremity vascular lesions in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Lab, 2019; 65, 325−30.
[32] Demirdal T, Sen P. The significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in predicting peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy, osteomyelitis and amputation in diabetic foot infection. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018; 144, 118−25. doi:  10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.009
[33] Bath J, Smith JB, Kruse RL, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts disease severity and outcome after lower extremity procedures. J Vasc Surg, 2020; 72, 622−31. doi:  10.1016/j.jvs.2019.10.094
[34] Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbańczuk J, et al. Inflammatory markers for arterial stiffness in cardiovascular diseases. Front Immunol, 2017; 8, 1058. doi:  10.3389/fimmu.2017.01058
[35] Yi YH, Zhou LY, Zuo SR, et al. Gender-specific association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population undergoing a health examination. Vascular, 2019; 27, 668−76. doi:  10.1177/1708538119840557
[36] Tomiyama H. Arterial stiffness: is this a marker for the current status or future?. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2016; 23, 1026−7. doi:  10.5551/jat.ED042
[37] Tanindi A, Erkan AF, Alhan A, et al. Arterial stiffness and central arterial wave reflection are associated with serum uric acid, total bilirubin, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with coronary artery disease. Anatol J Cardiol, 2015; 15, 396−403. doi:  10.5152/akd.2014.5447
[38] Wang RT, Zhang JR, Li Y, et al. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio is associated with arterial stiffness in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications, 2015; 29, 245−9. doi:  10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.11.006
[39] Gul CB, Yildiz A, Ersoy A, et al. Correlation between arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients with preserved renal function. Int Urol Nephrol, 2015; 47, 1187−94. doi:  10.1007/s11255-015-1022-0
[40] Kahraman C, Kahraman NK, Aras B, et al. The relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study. Arch Med Sci, 2016; 12, 571−5.
[41] Chmelar J, Chung KJ, Chavakis T. The role of innate immune cells in obese adipose tissue inflammation and development of insulin resistance. Thromb Haemost, 2013; 109, 399−406. doi:  10.1160/TH12-09-0703
[42] Li Z, Guo XF, Liu YM, et al. Metabolism rather than obesity is associated with ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study in rural Northeastern China. SpringerPlus, 2016; 5, 1419. doi:  10.1186/s40064-016-3088-2
[43] Millán-Núñez J, Mantilla-MoratóT, Toro R, et al. Cardiometabolic risk related to the association of hypertriglyceridemia-Low HDLc. Curr Pharm Des, 2016; 22, 365−71.
[44] Sanja S, Marina DI, Stevan I, et al. The significance of adiponectin as a biomarker in metabolic syndrome and/or coronary artery disease. Vojnosanit Pregl, 2015; 72, 779−84. doi:  10.2298/VSP140531067S
[45] Turker Y, Baltaci D, Turker Y, et al. Investigation of relationship of visceral body fat and inflammatory markers with metabolic syndrome and its components among apparently healthy individuals. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015; 8, 13067−77.