[1] UnitedNations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Word Population Prospects, 2013, 316-53.
[2] Xiao P, Zhang ZH. A study on the trend of the ageing of the population and sustained development in Beijing. Chin J Hosp Admin, 1999; 15, 706-9. (In Chinese)
[3] Zhou Y, Dong Z, Xie J, et al. Monitoring on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult residents in Beijing 2005-2011. Capital Journal of Public Health, 2015; 9, 256-60. (In Chinese)
[4] Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900, 000 adults:collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet, 2009; 373, 1083-96. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4
[5] Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, et al. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories:a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2013; 309, 71-82. doi:  10.1001/jama.2012.113905
[6] Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, et al. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA, 2005; 293, 1861-7. doi:  10.1001/jama.293.15.1861
[7] Jee SH, Sull JW, Park J, et al. Body-mass index and mortality in Korean men and women. N Engl J Med, 2006; 355, 779-87. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa054017
[8] Klenk J, Nagel G, Ulmer H, et al. Body mass index and mortality:results of a cohort of 184, 697 adults in Austria. Eur J Epidemiol, 2009; 24, 83-91. doi:  10.1007/s10654-009-9312-4
[9] LucienneRoh, Julia Braun, Arnaud Chiolero, et al. Mortality risk associated with underweight:a census-linked cohort of 31, 578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up. BMC Public Health, 2014; 14, 371. doi:  10.1186/1471-2458-14-371
[10] Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, López E, Banegas JR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people in Spain. Obes Res, 2004; 12, 710-5. doi:  10.1038/oby.2004.83
[11] Thinggaard M, Jacobsen R, Jeune B, et al. Is the relationship between BMI and mortality increasingly U-shaped with advancing age? A 10-year follow-up of persons aged 70-95 years. J Gerontol A BiolSci Med Sci, 2010; 65, 526-31. https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/is-the-relationship-between-bmi-and-mortality-increasingly-u-shaped-3dyLIHHgb5
[12] World Health Organization. WHO Global Infobase, 2011, https://apps.who.int/infobase/[2011-2-9].
[13] Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, et al. Indices of relative weight and obesity. J Chron Dis, 1972; 25, 329-43. doi:  10.1016/0021-9681(72)90027-6
[14] Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology. New York:Oxford University Press, 1998; 244-72. https://books.glgoo.com/books?hl=zh-CN&lr=&id=rE6nBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Nutritional+Epidemiology&ots=gxB7bjqBUq&sig=rBdR2duJPg0EXAEpnuyCmpyOOK0
[15] Rajala MW, Scherer PE. Minireview:the adipocyte-at the crossroads of energy homeostasis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Endocrinol, 2003; 144, 3765-73. doi:  10.1210/en.2003-0580
[16] National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. Obes Res, 1998; 6, 51S-209S. doi:  10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00690.x
[17] Zhengming Chen, Gonghuan Yang, Alison Offer, et al. Body mass index and mortality in China:a 15-year prospective study of 220, 000 men. Int J Epidemiol, 2012; 41, 472-81. doi:  10.1093/ije/dyr208
[18] Willett W, Hu FB, Colditz GA, et al. Underweight, overweight, obesity, and excess deaths (letter). JAMA, 2005; 294, 551.
[19] Prospective Studies Collaboration. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900, 000 adults:collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet, 2009; 373, 1083-96. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4
[20] Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, et al. Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363, 2211-9. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1000367
[21] Lin WY, Tsai SL, Albu JB, et al. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a large Chinese cohort. Can Med Assoc J, 2011; 183, E329-36. doi:  10.1503/cmaj.100303
[22] Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med, 2006; 355, 763-78. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa055643
[23] de Hollander EL, Van Zutphen M, Bogers RP, et al. The impact of body mass index in old age on cause-specific mortality. J Nutr Health Aging, 2012; 16, 100-6. doi:  10.1007/s12603-011-0077-6
[24] Zhou BF. Predictive values of body mass index and waistcircumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults-study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci, 2002; 15, 83-96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297470121_Predictive_values_of_body_mass_index_and_waist_circumference_for_risk_factors_of_certain_related_diseases_in_Chinese_adults_study_on_optimal_cut-off_points_of_body_mass_index_and_waist_circumference_i
[25] WHO expert consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention studies. Lancet, 2004; 363, 157-63. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
[26] Misra A, Makkar BM, Vikram NK, et al. Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management. J Assoc Physicians India, 2009; 57, 163-70. http://www.japi.org/february_2009/R-1.html
[27] Kanazawa M, Yoshiike N, Osaka T, et al. Criteria and classification of obesity in Japan and Asia-Oceania. Asia Pacific J ClinNutr, 2002; 11, S732-737. doi:  10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s8.19.x
[28] WHO, IASO and IOTF. The Asia-Pacific Perspective:Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Australia:Health Communications, 2000.
[29] Deurenberg P, Yap M, van Stavaren WA. Body mass index and percent body fat:a meta analysis among different ethnic groups. Int J Obesity, 1998; 22, 1164-71. doi:  10.1038/sj.ijo.0800741
[30] He Y, Lam TH, Jiang B, et al. Changes in BMI before and during economic development and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality:a 35-year follow-up study in China. Diabetes Care, 2014; 37, 2540-7. doi:  10.2337/dc14-0243
[31] JochenKlenk, Kilian Rapp, Hanno Ulmer, et al. Changes of Body Mass Index in Relation to Mortality:Results of a Cohort of 42, 099 Adults. PloS One, 2014; 9, e84817. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0084817
[32] Wu CY, Chou YC, Huang N, et al. Association of Body Mass Index with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly. PloS One, 2014; 9, e102589. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0102589
[33] Hardy R, Kuh D. Commentary:BMI and mortality in the elderly-a life course perspective. Int J Epidemiol, 2006; 35, 179-80. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7377648_Commentary_BMI_and_mortality_in_the_elderly--a_life_course_perspective