2016 Vol. 29, No. 10
Objective To report the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity among students aged 7-22 years in Jiangsu, 2010 to 2013. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out as part of students physical fitness and health survey in Jiangsu province. A total of 255,581 subjects (50.03%males and 49.97%females) enrolled in 82 school and 10 universities in Jiangsu. Weights and heights were obtained for each subject and its body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the Chinese Working Group on Obesity in China (CWGO). Results Anthropometric measurement including bodyweight, height, BMI and bust were significantly different between males in urban compared to females living rural areas (P<0.001). The total prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.4%and 5.7%. Males had a significantly higher rate than in female’s student. The prevalence of overweight and obesity by age groups was (14.5%, 10.3%) at age 7-11 years, (11.2%, 6.8%) at age 12-14 years, (11.7%, 3.1%) at age 15-17 years, and (11.4%, 2.3%) at age 18-22 years. By regions; the highest prevalence of overweight obesity reported in Taizhou (10%, 14.2%), Xuzhou (9.4%, 12.5%), and Nanjing (9.2%, 15.6%), respectively.
ObjectiveObesity is associated with kidney defects.Physical activity is a key element in the treatment of obesity.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on kidney function in abdominally obese women. MethodsForty-four abdominally obese women were randomized to endurance training or endurance-strength training, three times a week for 3 months. Before and after the intervention, kidney function was assessed by measuring blood creatinine, urine creatinine, and urine albumin levels, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated. ResultsRenal hyperperfusion was present in both groups before the study. Following both types of physical activity, similar modifications of the investigated parameters were observed, but with no significant between-group differences.Both courses of training led to a significant increase in blood creatinine and a subsequent decrease in the GFR. A significant increase in urine creatinine and album levels, though not exceeding the range for microalbuminuria, was not accompanied by any difference in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio after endurance-strength training alone. ConclusionThree months of either endurance or endurance-strength training has a favorable and comparable effect on renal function in abdominally obese women with renal hyperfiltration.
ObjectiveThis study is aimed at observing the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). MethodsLncRNA and mRNA expression signatures of AAA tissues and normal abdominal aortic tissues (NT) were analyzed by microarray and further verified by Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR(qRT-PCR). The lncRNAs-mRNAs targeting relationships were identified using computational analysis. The effect of lnc-ARG on 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) expression was tested in HeLa cells. ResultsDifferential expressions of 3,688 lncRNAs and 3,007 mRNAs wereidentified between AAA and NT tissues. Moreover, 1,284 differentially expressed long intergenic noncoding RNAs and 206 differentially expressed enhancer-like lncRNAs adjacent to protein-coding genes were discerned by bioinformatics analysis. Some differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between AAA and normal tissue samples were further verified using qRT-PCR. A co-expression network of coding and noncoding genes was constructed based on the correlation analysis between the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. In addition, the lnc-ARG located within the upstream ofALOX5 was sorted as a noncoding transcript by analyzing the protein-coding potential using computational analysis. Furthermore, we found that lnc-ARG can decrease the mRNA level ofALOX5and reactive oxygen species production in HeLa cells. ConclusionThis study revealed new lncRNA candidates are related to the pathogenesis of AAA.
ObjectiveAbnormal maternal thyroid function is associated with preterm birth. However, this association stays dubious in relevant individual studies for ethnic difference reasons and lack of direct supporting data. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preterm birth and thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity based on ethnic differences. MethodsRelevant studies were identified through searches of MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, Wan Fang, China Biological Medicine disc, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to June 15, 2016. Original articles in which an incidence or prevalence of thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity before second trimester of pregnancy could be extracted were included. ResultsThirty-two unique studies were included for the final meta-analysis. Patients involved were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2) comprising of Asian and Caucasian populations, respectively. Positive thyroid antibodies were associated with the occurrence of preterm birth in both G1 [odds ratio (OR): 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.83-4.65] and G2 (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.17-1.56);hypothyroidism, only in G2 (OR: 1.20,CI: 1.09-1.33); and subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, in neither group. ConclusionThyroid autoimmunity may be a more favorable factor leading to preterm birth among pregnant women of different ethnicities, compared with thyroid dysfunction.
2016, 29(10): 734-741.
doi: 10.3967/bes2016.098
ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine the prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical infections in Beijing, China, and to investigate the odds ratio (OR) of HPV single and multiple infections in abnormal cytology. MethodsA total of 19,018 specimens from outpatients in thedepartment ofobstetric andgynecology were collected. They were detected usinghigh-risk HPV genotyping real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit and analyzed by ThinPrep cytology test for cervical pathological diagnosis. HPV prevalence, age-specific prevalence, andOR of each type of HPV in abnormal cytology were analyzed. ResultsOverall, 19.1% (3,623/19,018) of the individuals were positive for HPV infection, 14.9%(2,833/19,018) were positive for a single HPV type, and 4.2% (790/19,018) were positive for multiple types. Among the 3,623 HPV-positive individuals, the most predominant HPV types were HPV52 (4.4%, 834/19,018), HPV16 (3.7%, 710/19,018), and HPV58 (3.4%, 644/19,018). TheOR of multiple infections and single infection differed significantly among disease severities. TheOR of dual infection was higher than that of each of the two single infection types, respectively. ConclusionHPV prevalence in the outpatients was 19.1%, and the most predominant HPV types in the study were HPV52, HPV16, and HPV58. Women with multiple infectionswere more likely to have abnormal cytology.
ObjectiveTo trace the source of human H7N9 cases in Huai’an and elucidate the genetic characterization of Huai’an strains associated with both humans and birds in live poultry market. MethodsAn enhanced surveillance was implemented when the first human H7N9 case was confirmed in Huai’an. Clinical specimens, cloacal swabs, and fecal samples were collected and screened by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for H7N9 virus. The positive samples were subjected to further RT-PCR and genomesequencing. The phylodynamic patterns of H7N9 virus within and separated from Huai’an and evolutionary dynamics of the virus were analyzed. ResultsSix patients with H7N9 infection were previously exposed to live poultry market and presented symptoms such as fever (>38.0 °C) and headaches. Results of this study support the hypothesis that live poultry markets were the source of human H7N9 exposure. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all novel H7N9 viruses, including Huai’an strains, could be classified into two distinct clades, A and B. Additionally, the diversified H7N9 virus circulated in live poultry markets in Huai’an. Interestingly, the common ancestors of the Huai’an H7N9 virus existed in January 2012. The mean nucleotide substitution rates for eachgene segment of the H7N9 virus were(3.09-7.26)×10?3 substitutions/site peryear (95% HPD: 1.72×10?3 to 1.16×10?2). ConclusionOverall, the source of exposure of human H7N9 cases in Huai'an was live poultry market, and our study highlights the presence of divergent genetic lineage of H7N9 virus in both humans and poultry specimens in Huai’an.
2016, 29(10): 758-761.
doi: 10.3967/bes2016.101
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