, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2024.177
Objective To explore the correlation between chromosome 8 open reading frame 76 (C8orf76) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and the potential predictive effect of C8orf76 and CDK4 on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We constructed a protein-protein interaction network of C8orf76-related genes and analyzed the prognostic signatures of C8orf76 and CDK4. Clinicopathological features of C8orf76 and CDK4 were visualized using a nomogram. Results C8orf76 and CDK4 levels were positively correlated in two independent human CRC cohorts (n = 83 and n = 597). A consistent positive correlation was observed between C8orf76 and CDK4 expression in the CRC cell lines. The nomogram included prognostic genes (C8orf76 and CDK4) and pathological N and M stages. The concordance index (C-index) in our cohort was 0.776, which suggests that the ability of the indicators to predict the overall survival of patients with CRC in our cohort was strong. Conclusions We found that C8orf76 was positively correlated with CDK4 in both the cohorts as well as in CRC cell lines. Therefore, C8orf76 and CDK4 can be used as potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis of CRC.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.053
Objective Telomere length is a key aging biomarker, but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain. This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and individualized expected years of life lost (YLL). Methods A prospective cohort of 445,399 participants (203,731 males and 241,668 females) from the UK Biobank was analyzed. LTL values were log-transformed, and YLL was calculated using life tables. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine sex-specific associations. Results In males, each standard deviation (S.D.) increase in LTL was linked to a 0.965-year decrease in YLL (95% CI: –1.025, –0.900; P < 0.001). In females, longer LTL was related to a 0.102-year increase in YLL (95% CI: 0.057, 0.146; P < 0.001). Among postmenopausal females, LTL showed a protective effect similar to that in males (0.387-year decrease, 95% CI: −0.446, –0.328; P < 0.001), while premenopausal females exhibited a detrimental association (0.705-year increase, 95% CI: 0.625, 0.785; P < 0.001). Comparable trends were observed across major aging-related diseases, pointing to a consistent biological pattern. Conclusion The influence of LTL on life expectancy varies significantly by sex, with protective associations seen in males and postmenopausal females. This suggests hormonal involvement in telomere dynamics. The results support integrating sex-specific perspectives into aging and telomere research and clinical practice.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.052
Objective To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study. Methods This prospective, community-based cohort study included 12,054 patients with diabetes. From 2006 to 2012, 38,272 fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements were obtained from these participants. FBG trajectory patterns were generated using latent mixture modelling. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the subsequent risk of cerebral infarction associated with different FBG trajectory patterns. Results At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 55.2 years. Four distinct FBG trajectories were identified based on FBG concentrations and their changes over the 6-year follow-up period. After a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 786 cerebral infarction events were recorded. Different trajectory patterns were associated with significantly varied outcome risks (Log-Rank P < 0.001). Compared with the low-stability group, Hazard Ratio (HR) adjusted for potential confounders were 1.37 for the moderate-increasing group, 1.23 for the elevated-decreasing group, and 2.08 for the elevated-stable group. Conclusion Sustained high FBG levels were found to play a critical role in the development of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes. Controlling FBG levels may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.051
Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the relationships of white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and PLT-to-WBC ratio (PWR) with muscle mass in Chinese older adults. Methods This cross-sectional analysis involved 4,033 Chinese older adults aged ≥ 65 years from the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study. Muscle mass and total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI) were measured by bioelectric impedance analysis. WBC, PLT, and PWR were measured using standard methods. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the associations of WBC count, PLT count, and PWR with TSMI. Results High WBC count, PLT count, and PWR were associated with low TSMI, with coefficients of −0.0091 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0142 to −0.0041), −0.0119 (95% CI: −0.0170 to −0.0068), and −0.0051 (95% CI: −0.0102 to −0.0001). The associations between the three inflammatory indices and TSMI were linear. Stratified analyses indicated that the relationship between inflammatory markers and TSMI was more evident in male participants and in individuals aged < 80 years than in their counterparts. Conclusion Elevated WBC count, PLT count, and PWR correlated with muscle mass loss. This study highlights the importance of regular monitoring of inflammatory markers as a potential strategy for the screening and management of sarcopenia in older adults.
Qian Zhang,
Xiaoling Wang,
Yuli Hou,
Jingjing Zhang,
Congcong Liu,
Xiaomin Zhang,
Yaqi Wang,
Yujian Fan,
Junting Liu,
Jing Liu,
Qiao Song,
Peichang Wang
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.049
Objective To reveal the effects and potential mechanisms by which synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) influences the distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endolysosomal system, and cell membranes and to reveal the effects of SV2A on APP amyloid degradation. Methods Colocalization analysis of APP with specific tagged proteins in the TGN, ensolysosomal system, and cell membrane was performed to explore the effects of SV2A on the intracellular transport of APP. APP, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expressions, and APP cleavage products levels were investigated to observe the effects of SV2A on APP amyloidogenic processing. Results APP localization was reduced in the TGN, early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, whereas it was increased in the recycling endosomes and cell membrane of SV2A-overexpressed neurons. Moreover, Arl5b (ADP-ribosylation factor 5b), a protein responsible for transporting APP from the TGN to early endosomes, was upregulated by SV2A. SV2A overexpression also decreased APP transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes by downregulating APP endocytosis. In addition, products of APP amyloid degradation, including sAPPβ, Aβ1-42, and Aβ1-40, were decreased in SV2A-overexpressed cells. Conclusion These results demonstrated that SV2A promotes APP transport from the TGN to early endosomes by upregulating Arl5b and promoting APP transport from early endosomes to recycling endosomes-cell membrane pathway, which slows APP amyloid degradation.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.048
Objective This study aimed to identify high-risk areas for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mortality to provide relevant evidence for interventions in emerging economies. Methods Empirical Bayesian Kriging and a discrete Poisson space-time scan statistic were applied to identify the spatiotemporal clusters of T2DM mortality. The relationships between economic factors, air pollutants, and the mortality risk of T2DM were assessed using regression analysis and the Poisson Log-linear Model. Results A coastal district in East Guangdong, China, had the highest risk (Relative Risk [RR] = 4.58, P < 0.01), followed by the 10 coastal districts/counties in West Guangdong, China (RR = 2.88, P < 0.01). The coastal county in the Pearl River Delta, China (RR = 2.24, P < 0.01), had the third-highest risk. The remaining risk areas were two coastal counties in East Guangdong, 16 districts/counties in the Pearl River Delta, and two counties in North Guangdong, China. Mortality due to T2DM was associated with gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita). In pilot assessments, T2DM deaths were significantly associated with carbon monoxide. Conclusion High mortality from T2DM occurred in the coastal areas of East and West Guangdong, especially where the economy was progressing towards the upper middle-income level.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.047
Objective To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations, establish anemia risk-screening models, and evaluate their performance. Methods A total of 533 female participants (anemic and healthy) were recruited from Shuguang Hospital. Facial and tongue images were collected using the TFDA-1 tongue and face diagnosis instrument. Color and texture features from various parts of facial and tongue images were extracted using Face Diagnosis Analysis System (FDAS) and Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System version 2.0 (TDAS v2.0). Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection. Ten machine learning models and one deep learning model (ResNet50V2 + Conv1D) were developed and evaluated. Results Anemic women showed lower a-values, higher L- and b-values across all age groups. Texture features analysis showed that women aged 30–39 with anemia had higher angular second moment (ASM)and lower entropy (ENT) values in facial images, while those aged 40–49 had lower contrast (CON), ENT, and MEAN values in tongue images but higher ASM. Anemic women exhibited age-related trends similar to healthy women, with decreasing L-values and increasing a-, b-, and ASM-values. LASSO identified 19 key features from 62. Among classifiers, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model achieved the best performance [area under the curve (AUC): 0.849, accuracy: 0.781]. The ResNet50V2 model achieved comparable results [AUC: 0.846, accuracy: 0.818]. Conclusion Differences in facial and tongue images suggest that color and texture features can serve as potential TCM phenotype and auxiliary diagnostic indicators for female anemia.
Shuanghua Xie,
Shuangying Li,
Shaofei Su,
Enjie Zhang,
Shen Gao,
Yue Zhang,
Jianhui Liu,
Minhui Hu,
Ruixia Liu,
Wentao Yue,
Chenghong Yin
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.046
Objective To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted. ABO blood types were determined using the slide method. GDM diagnosis was based on a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) between ABO blood types and GDM risk. Results A total of 30,740 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.81 years were enrolled in this study. The ABO blood types distribution was: type O (30.99%), type A (26.58%), type B (32.20%), and type AB (10.23%). GDM was identified in 14.44% of participants. Using blood type O as a reference, GDM risk was not significantly higher for types A (OR = 1.05) or B (OR = 1.04). However, women with type AB had a 19% increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05–1.34; P < 0.05), even after adjusting for various factors. This increased risk for type AB was consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The ABO blood types may influence GDM risk, with type AB associated with a higher risk. Incorporating it—either as a single risk factor or in combination with other known factors—could help identify individuals at risk for GDM before or during early pregnancy.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.045
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between susceptibility genes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with obesity. Methods We conducted a two-step case-control study. Ninety-three participants were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (exploratory set). Differential genes identified in the small sample were validated in 1,022 participants using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing (validation set). Results In the exploratory set, 14 genes from the NAFLD-associated pathways were identified. In the validation set, after adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index, ECI2 rs2326408 (dominant model: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.72; additive model: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.47), C6orf201 rs659305 (dominant model: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01–1.69; additive model: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00–1.45), CALML5 rs10904516 (pre-ad dominant model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01–1.83; adjusted dominant model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03–1.91; and pre-ad additive model: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04–1.66) polymorphisms were significantly associated with NAFLD in children with obesity (P < 0.05). Interaction analysis revealed that the gene-gene interaction model of CALML5 rs10904516, COX11 rs17209882, and SCD5 rs3733228 was optional (P < 0.05), demonstrating a negative interaction between the three genes. Conclusion In the Chinese population, the CALML5 rs10904516, C6orf201 rs659305, and ECI2 rs2326408 variants could be genetic markers for NAFLD susceptibility.
Qi Ye,
Jing Chen,
Yating Ji,
Xiaoyu Lu,
Jiale Deng,
Nan Li,
Wei Wei,
Renjie Hou,
Zhiyuan Li,
Jianbang Xiang,
Xu Gao,
Xin Shen,
Chongguang Yang
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.041
Objective To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants, meteorological factors, and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis (TB) cases. Methods TB case data from Shanghai (2013–2018) were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Environmental data on air pollutants, meteorological variables, and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases. Results Increased TB risk was linked to PM2.5, PM10, and rainfall, whereas NO2, SO2, and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk. Specifically, the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags: PM2.5 (RR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.026–1.325) at 0–19 weeks; PM10 (RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.028–1.324) at 0–18 weeks; NO2 (RR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.938-0.999) at 0–1 weeks; SO2 (RR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.894–0.999) at 0–2 weeks; air pressure (RR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.447–0.816) at 0–8 weeks; and rainfall (RR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.076–1.833) at 0–22 weeks. Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases. Additionally, low temperatures amplified the effect of PM2.5 on TB. Conclusion Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and rainfall increased the risk of TB, highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.040
Objective The Asia-Pacific region has a high Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden, but studies on its trends are limited. Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data, we analyzed COPD trends in 36 countries from 1990 to 2019 and predicted future incidence trends through 2034. Methods COPD data by age and sex from the GBD 2019 database were analyzed for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates from 1990 to 2019. Joinpoint regression identified significant annual trends, and age-standardized incidence rates were predicted through 2034 using age–period–cohort models. Results The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disease burden of COPD have been decreasing, and the incidence rates will continue to decrease or remain stable until 2034 in most selected countries and territories, except for a few Southeastern Asian countries. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Vietnam are projected to experience an increase in COPD incidence from 165.3 per 100,000 in 2019 to 177 per 100,000 in 2034 and from 179.9 per 100,000 in 2019 to 192.5 per 100,000 in 2034, respectively. Older males had a higher incidence than any other sex or age group. The sex gap in incidence rates continues to widen, though it is smaller and less significant in the younger age group than in those in the older one. Conclusion COPD rates are expected to decline until 2034 but remain a health risk, especially in countries with rising rates. Urgent action on tobacco control, air pollution, and public education is needed.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.036
Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above. Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2050 prediction data to analyze changes in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for lower respiratory infections in the elderly population (aged 70 and above) in China from 1990 to 2050. It also discusses future trends in the burden of lower respiratory infections (LRI) in China under different scenarios. Results According to GBD predictions, the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly aged 70 years and above in China is lower than the global average. The burden has been decreasing from 1990 to 2020, but is projected to increase from 2020 to 2050. Scenario-based predictions suggest that, under scenarios involving improvements in nutrition and vaccination, the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly in China is expected to be the lowest in 2050. Conclusions This study indicates that the burden of lower respiratory infections in elderly people aged 70 years and above in China remains a significant public health issue and may worsen. The government should consider strengthening the preventive measures and management strategies for respiratory infections in the elderly population.
Chenwei Zhang,
Binbin Wan,
Yukai Zhang,
Tao Xiong,
Yishan Li,
Xuesen Su,
Gang Liu,
Yangyang Wei,
Yuanyuan Sun,
Jingfen Zhang,
Xiao Yu,
Yiwei Shi
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.028
Background Pneumoconiosis, a lung disease caused by irreversible fibrosis, represents a significant public health burden. This study investigates the causal relationships between gut microbiota, gene methylation, gene expression, protein levels, and pneumoconiosis using a multi-omics approach and Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We analyzed gut microbiota data from MiBioGen and Esteban et al. to assess their potential causal effects on pneumoconiosis subtypes (asbestosis, silicosis, and inorganic pneumoconiosis) using conventional and summary-data-based MR (SMR). Gene methylation and expression data from Genotype-Tissue Expression and eQTLGen, along with protein level data from deCODE and UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, were examined in relation to pneumoconiosis data from FinnGen. To validate our findings, we assessed self-measured gut flora from a pneumoconiosis cohort and performed fine mapping, drug prediction, molecular docking, and Phenome-Wide Association Studies to explore relevant phenotypes of key genes. Results Three core gut microorganisms were identified: Romboutsia (OR = 0.249) as a protective factor against silicosis, Pasteurellaceae (OR = 3.207) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (OR = 2.343) as risk factors for inorganic pneumoconiosis. Additionally, mapping and quantitative trait loci analyses revealed that the genes VIM, STX8, and MIF were significantly associated with pneumoconiosis risk. Conclusions This multi-omics study highlights the associations between gut microbiota and key genes (VIM, STX8, MIF) with pneumoconiosis, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies.
Bingsong Zhang,
Haibin Yu,
Xin Peng,
Haiyi Yan,
Siran Li,
Shutong Luo,
Renhuizi Wei,
Zhujiang Zhou,
Yalin Kuang,
Yihuan Zheng,
Chulan Ou,
Linhua Liu,
Yuehua Hu,
Jindong Ni
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.024
Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health. Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment, including high dimensionality, correlated exposure, and subtle individual effects. Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach, the generalized functional linear model (GFLM), to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures. GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation. The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies. Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In the first application, we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI (2011–2016 cycles). The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect, with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI, respectively. For the second application, we investigated the association between four perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and gout risk (2007–2018 cycles). Unlike traditional methods, the GFLM indicated no significant association, demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity. Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis, offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results. It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications, advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.022
Objective Burning solid cooking fuel contributes to household air pollution and is associated with frailty. However, how solid cooking fuel use contributes to the development of frailty has not been well illustrated. Methods This study recruited 8,947 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011–2018. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify frailty trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between solid cooking fuel use and frailty trajectories. Population-attributable fractions were used to estimate the frailty burden from solid fuel use. Results We identified three frailty trajectories: low-stable (n = 5,789), moderate-increasing (n = 2,603), and fast-increasing (n = 555). Solid fuel use was associated with higher odds of being in the moderate-increasing (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08–1.42) and fast-increasing (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.14–1.92) trajectories. These associations were strengthened by longer solid fuel use (P for trend < 0.001). Switching to clean fuel significantly reduced the risk of being in these trajectories compared with persistent solid fuel users. Without solid fuel, 8% of moderate- and 19% of fast-increasing trajectories demonstrated frailty development like the low-stable group. Conclusion Solid cooking fuel use is associated with frailty trajectories in middle-aged and older Chinese populations.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.019
Objective To analyze the prevalence and burden of headache disorders in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, the number of prevalent cases, prevalence rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALY rates were analyzed by sex, age group, and province for headache disorders and their subtypes (migraines and tension-type headaches [TTHs]) between 1990 and 2021. Percentage changes during this period were also estimated. Results In 2021, approximately 426 million individuals in China were affected by headache disorders, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 27,582.61/100,000. The age-standardized DALY rate for all headache disorders was 487.15/100,000. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of prevalent cases increased by 37.78%, while the prevalence of all headache disorders, migraines, and TTHs increased by 6.92%, 7.57%, and 7.86%, respectively. The highest prevalence was observed in the 30–34 age group (39,520.60/100,000). Migraine accounts for a larger proportion of DALYs attributable to headache disorders, whereas TTH has a greater impact on its prevalence. In 2021, the highest age-standardized DALY rates for headache disorders were observed in Heilongjiang (617.85/100,000) and Shanghai (542.86/100,000). Conclusion The prevalence of headache disorders is increasing in China. Effective health education, improve diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly for middle-aged working populations and women of childbearing age.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.020
Objective Cigarette smoking exacerbates progression of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) . The role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in chronic lung diseases has gained attention, but it remains unclear whether smoking-exacerbated lung damage in TB is associated with TLS. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of pulmonary TLS in smoking TB patients and therefore to explore the possible role of TLS in smoking-related lung injury in TB. Methods Lung tissues from 36 male patients (18 smokers and 18 non-smokers) who underwent surgical resection due to pulmonary TB were included in this study. Pathological and immunohistological analysis was conducted to evaluate the quantity of TLS, and chest CT was used to assess the severity of lung lesions. The correlation between TLS quantity and TB lesion severity scores was analyzed. Immune cells and chemokines for TLS formation were also evaluated and compared between smoker and nonsmoker patients. Results Smoking TB patients had significantly more TLS than non-smokers (P < 0.001). TLS quantity in both lung parenchyma and peribronchial regions correlated with TB lesion severity on chest CT (parenchyma: r = 0.5767; peribronchial: r = 0.7373; both P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased B cells, T cells, and CXCL13 expression in smoker patients with TB (P < 0.001). Conclusion Smoking TB patients exhibited increased pulmonary TLS, which was associated with exacerbated lung lesions on chest CT, suggesting that cigarette smoking may exacerbate lung damage by promoting TLS formation.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.018
Objective To describe survival trends and global patterns of esophageal cancer (EC) using survival data from population-based cancer registries. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SEER, and SinoMed databases for articles published up to 31 December 2023. Eligible EC survival estimates were evaluated according to country or region, period, sex, age group, pathology, and disease stage. Results After 2010, Jordan exhibited the highest age-standardized 5-year RSRs/NSRs at 41.1% between 2010 and 2014, while India had the lowest, at 4.1%. Survival rates generally improved with diagnostic age across most countries, with significant increases in South Korea and China, of 12.7% and 10.5% between 2000 and 2017, respectively. Survival was higher among women compared to men, ranging from 0.4%-10.9%. Survival rates for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were similar, differing by about 4%. In China, the highest age-standardized RSRs/NSRs was 33.4% between 2015 and 2017. Meanwhile, the lowest was 5.3%, in Qidong (Jiangsu province) between 1992-1996. Conclusion Global EC survival rates have improved significantly in recent decades, but substantial geographical, sex, and age disparities still exist. In Asia, squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated superior survival rates compared to adenocarcinoma, while the opposite trend was observed in Western countries. Future research should clarify the prognostic factors influencing EC survival and tailor prevention and screening strategies to the changing EC survival patterns.
Xiaobing Liu,
Jun Wang,
Yajie Li,
Hongxing Tan,
Deqian Mao,
Yanyan Liu,
Weidong Li,
Wei Yu,
Junan Yan,
Jianhua Piao,
Chongzheng Guo,
Xiaoli Liu,
Xiaoguang Yang
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.017
Objective This study aimed to explore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis. Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults (19–21 years old) were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen, Yinchuan, and Changzhi. The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered (iodine intake: 11−26 μg·day−1) and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for iodine, including estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI). Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57, 58, and 51 μg·day−1 in three balance studies, respectively. Moreover, it was further suggested as 57, 58, and 51 μg·day−1 for iodine EAR, and 80, 81, and 71 μg·day−1 for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42, 1.41, and 1.20 μg·day−1·kg−1 of body weight. Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis, which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.054
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.050
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.039
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.037
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.035
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.034
Dong Yan,
Yandong Iiu,
Ling Wang,
Kai Li,
Wenshuang Zhang,
Yi Yuan,
Jian Geng,
Kangkang Ma,
Fengyun Zhou,
Zitong Cheng,
Xiaoguang Cheng
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.043
Objective To determine the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis (LS) and the proportion of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis (SS) in China. To evaluate the musculoskeletal status of patients with LS and SS. Methods Spine Computed Tomography (CT) images were collected from community populations aged 40 and above in a nationwide multi-center project. LS was diagnosed, and SS was graded by an experienced radiologist. Bone mineral density (BMD) and paraspinal muscle parameters were quantified based on CT images. Results 117 patients of a total of 3,317 individuals were diagnosed with LS, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 3.53%. 63 of the 1,214 males (5.18%) and 54 of the 2,103 females (2.57%) were diagnosed with LS. SS occurred in 64/121 vertebrae (52.89%). BMD was not associated with LS (P = 0.341). The L5 extensor paraspinal muscle density was higher in the LS group than in the non-LS group. In the LS group, patients with SS had a lower L5 paraspinal extensor muscle cross-sectional area than those without SS (P = 0.003). Conclusion The prevalence of LS in Chinese adults was 3.53%, with prevalence rates of 5.18% in males and 2.57% in females. Patients with LS have higher muscle density, whereas those with SS have smaller muscle cross-sectional areas at the L5 level.
, Available online , doi: 10.3967/bes2025.042
Objective Asthma imposes a significant global health burden. This study examines changes in the asthma-related disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and projects future burdens for 2050 under different scenarios. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, we analyzed asthma incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021. We projected the disease burden for 2050 based on current trends and hypothetical scenarios in which all risk factors are controlled. Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates were explored using Annual Percent Change. Results In 2021, the age-standardized rates for asthma incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs in China were 364.17 per 100,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 283.22–494.10), 1,956.49 per 100,000 (95% UI: 1,566.68–2,491.87), 1.47 per 100,000 (95% UI: 1.15–1.79), and 103.76 per 100,000 (95% UI: 72.50–145.46), respectively. A higher disease burden was observed among Chinese men and individuals aged 70 years or older. Compared to the current trend, a combined scenario involving improvements in environmental factors, behavioral and metabolic health, child nutrition, and vaccination resulted in a greater reduction in the disease burden caused by asthma. Conclusion Addressing modifiable risk factors is essential for further reducing the asthma-related disease burden.
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