Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Association between Serum Chloride Levels and Prognosis in Patients with Hepatic Coma in the Intensive Care Unit
Shuxing Wei, Xiya Wang, Yuan Du, Ying Chen, Jinlong Wang, Yue Hu, Wenqing Ji, Xingyan Zhu, Xue Mei, Da Zhang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.092
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  Objective  To explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and prognosis in patients with hepatic coma in the intensive care unit (ICU).  Methods  We analyzed 545 patients with hepatic coma in the ICU from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Associations between serum chloride levels and 28-day and 1-year mortality rates were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCSs), Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves, and Cox regression. Subgroup analyses, external validation, and mechanistic studies were also performed.  Results  A total of 545 patients were included in the study. RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association between serum chloride levels and mortality in patients with hepatic coma. The KM curves indicated lower survival rates among patients with low chloride levels (< 103 mmol/L). Low chloride levels were independently linked to increased 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates. In the multivariate models, the hazard ratio (HR) for 28-day mortality in the low-chloride group was 1.424 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.041–1.949), while the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-year mortality was 1.313 (95% CI: 1.026–1.679). Subgroup analyses and external validation supported these findings. Cytological experiments suggested that low chloride levels may activate the phosphorylation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce neuronal cell viability.  Conclusion  Low serum chloride levels are independently associated with increased mortality in patients with hepatic coma.
The Impacts of Major Chronic Diseases on Changes in Healthy Life Expectancy Among Older Adults in China from 2011 to 2020
Xiang Cui, Fangchao Liu, Shenying Fang, Zixing Zhang, Jianli Wang, Jian Liao, Dongfeng Gu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.064
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  Objectives  This study aimed to quantify the impact of major chronic diseases on changes in healthy life expectancy (HLE) from 2011 to 2020 in China using an age-specific disability weights (DW) estimation method.  Methods  HLE at age 60 (HLE60) was used as the indicator of HLE in China. Cause-specific mortality rates were obtained from the cause-of-death database of the National Health Commission. Self-reported disease and disability status were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A total of 55,861 participants were included for DW estimation. Rates of disability, which was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living questionnaires, were estimated using data from 5,465 participants in 2011 and 9,910 participants in 2020. Age-specific DWs were calculated using a Bayesian logistic regression model. Changes in HLE60 were decomposed into mortality and disability effects by cause, based on the estimated DWs.  Results  HLE60 in China increased by 0.83 years from 2011 to 2020. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) contributed the most to the decline in HLE60, remaining the leading cause of reduction in terms of mortality effects. Diabetes showed the greatest impact on HLE60 due to disability, followed by stroke. The largest sex disparities in HLE60 were associated with disability from arthritis.  Conclusion  HLE60 in China improved from 2011 to 2020 and IHD remained the leading contributor to its decline, particularly through increased mortality. Disabilities related to diabetes, stroke, and arthritis had significant negative impacts. These findings highlight the need to strengthen integrated chronic disease prevention and rehabilitation services at community health centers.
Association between PM2.5 Chemical Constituents and Preterm Birth: The Undeniable Role of Preconception H19 Gene Variation
Yalong Wang, Panpan Sun, Xinying Wang, Junxi Zhang, Xiangyu Yu, Jian Chai, Ruo Du, Wenyi Liu, Fangfang Yu, Yue Ba, Guo Yu Zhou
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.076
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Climate-sensitive infectious diseases under global climate change
Qiao Liu, Min Liu, Jue Liu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.077
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Climate and weather significantly influence the duration, timing, and intensity of disease outbreaks, reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases. Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms. Moreover, climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events, including floods and droughts, which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of water- and foodborne diseases. There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change. Furthermore, climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases. These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions, further amplifying disease transmission risks. Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways. Additionally, we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change, offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.
Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine — a Propensity Score Matched Test Negative Design Case-Control Study Using Medical Big Data in Three Provinces of China
Yuexin Xiu, Lin Tang, Fuzhen Wang, Lei Wang, Zhen Li, Jun Liu, Dan Li, Xueyan Li, Yao Yi, Fan Zhang, Lei Yu, Jingfeng Wu, Zundong Yin
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.056
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  Objective   The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study.  Methods   Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases tested for rotavirus (RV) infection. RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age, visit month, and province.  Results   The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis; 7.98% (2,192) were RV-positive. The VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1-2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection (inpatient or outpatient) was 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (<5 months since the 3rd dose) to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year since the 3rd dose). The three-dose VE rate was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE.  Conclusions   Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children aged < 5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE. Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age, but remained above 60% for at least one year. VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.
Chromosome 8 open reading frame 76 (C8orf76) co-expressed with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) as a prognostic indicator of colorectal cancer
Shang Guo, Chengcheng Liu, Zifeng Zhao, Zhongxin Li, Xia Jiang, Zengren Zhao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.177
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  Objective  To explore the correlation between chromosome 8 open reading frame 76 (C8orf76) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and the potential predictive effect of C8orf76 and CDK4 on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).  Methods  We constructed a protein-protein interaction network of C8orf76-related genes and analyzed the prognostic signatures of C8orf76 and CDK4. Clinicopathological features of C8orf76 and CDK4 were visualized using a nomogram.  Results  C8orf76 and CDK4 levels were positively correlated in two independent human CRC cohorts (n = 83 and n = 597). A consistent positive correlation was observed between C8orf76 and CDK4 expression in the CRC cell lines. The nomogram included prognostic genes (C8orf76 and CDK4) and pathological N and M stages. The concordance index (C-index) in our cohort was 0.776, which suggests that the ability of the indicators to predict the overall survival of patients with CRC in our cohort was strong.  Conclusions  We found that C8orf76 was positively correlated with CDK4 in both the cohorts as well as in CRC cell lines. Therefore, C8orf76 and CDK4 can be used as potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis of CRC.
Influence of Outdoor Light at Night on Early Reproductive Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization and Its Threshold Effect: Evidence from a Couple-Based Preconception Cohort Study
Wenbin Fang, Ying Tang, Yaning Sun, Yanlan Tang, Yinyin Chen, Yawen Cao, Jiqi Fang, Kunjing He, Yushan Li, Yaning Dai, Shuangshuang Bao, Peng Zhu, Shanshan Shao, Fangbiao Tao, Guixia Pan
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.101
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Beams of Hope: Shedding New Light on Alzheimer’s Treatment with Low-Dose Radiation Therapy
Jingxuan Fu, Weiping Wang, Yidan Wang, Peichang Wang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.100
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Interpretation of Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2024
Mingbo Liu, Xinye He, Xiaohong Yang, Zengwu Wang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.099
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors have an increasingly considerable impact on public health, with their incidence rates continuing to rise globally. This article interprets the essentials of the newly published Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China (2024), aiming to offer scientific evidence for CVD prevention, treatment, and the formulation of relevant policies.
Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report in China: Two Decades of Progress
Shuyao Su, Fangchao Liu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.098
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MicroRNA-411-3p Attenuates Cell Senescence in SiO2-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Zelin Xu, Siqi Liu, Xiao Yu, Siyi Wang, Bingbing Li, XinYu Wang, Siyuan Shan, Hong Xu, Bonan Zhang, Yiwei Shi, Xuemin Gao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.097
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity
Baoxi Wang, Yueting Zhou, Yipin Zhao, Yong Cheng, Jun Ren, Guanchang Tan, Xiaohu Wang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.096
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of death globally. HCM can precipitate heart failure (HF) by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch, thereby impairing its pumping efficiency. Moreover, HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke. Given these significant clinical ramifications, research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels. In this review, we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis, drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms, while highlighting the limitations of current research. Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.
Serum Lipidomics Profiling to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study in Chinese adults
Jijun Shi, Zujiao Nie, Shuyao Wang, Hao Zhang, Xinwei Li, Jialing Yao, Yibing Jin, Xiangdong Yang, Xueyang Zhang, Mingzhi Zhang, Hao Peng
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.095
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  Objective  Lipid oxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and may be contribute to the development of Ischemic stroke (IS). However, the lipid profiles associated with IS have been poorly studied. We conducted a pilot study to identify potential IS-related lipid molecules and pathways using lipidomic profiling.  Methods  Serum lipidomic profiling was performed using LC-MS in 20 patients with IS and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were simultaneously performed to identify the differential lipids. Multiple testing was controlled for using a false discovery rate (FDR) approach. Enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst software.  Results  Based on the 294 lipids assayed, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were used to distinguish patients with IS from healthy controls. Fifty-six differential lipids were identified with an FDR-adjusted P less than 0.05 and variable influences in projection (VIP) greater than 1.0. These lipids were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism (FDR-adjusted P = 0.009, impact score = 0.216).  Conclusions  Serum lipid profiles differed significantly between patients with IS and healthy controls. Thus, glycerophospholipid metabolism may be involved in the development of IS. These results provide initial evidence that lipid molecules and their related metabolites may serve as new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IS.
Serum Trace Elements and their Associations with Disease Progression and Survival in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from a Chinese Cohort
Hongfen Wang, Qionghua Sun, Rongrong Du, Shiya Wang, Yan Wang, Jiongming Bai, Mao Li, Xusheng Huang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.094
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  Objective  The associations of serum trace element levels with disease progression and survival duration were assessed in individuals diagnosed with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) in China.  Methods  Clinical data, including diagnostic indicators, clinical characteristics, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores, and serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), were collected for hospitalized patients with sALS between 2018 and 2021. Correlation analysis, random forest analysis, and the Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test were used to evaluate the relations between serum trace element levels, disease progression, and survival duration.  Results  Lower serum Ca levels and higher Mg levels were observed in patients with ALSFRS-R scores < 39. Serum Mg was significantly negatively correlated with ALSFRS-R, trunk, and respiratory scores. Serum Cu and Zn also showed significant negative correlations with the respiratory score, whereas Ca and Fe were not significantly correlated with the ALSFRS-R score. The serum levels of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe remained consistent regardless of the site of disease onset. ALSFRS-R analysis revealed that serum Ca and Mg had a substantial effect on the total ALSFRS-R score, with serum Mg significantly influencing the course of the disease. Notably, low serum Mg levels were associated with extended survival times in patients with sALS.  Conclusion  Serum levels of Ca and Mg play critical roles in the progression of sALS, and a reduced serum Mg level is related to an extended survival time.
The Increasing Trends of Short and Long Sleep Duration among Chinese Adults from 2010 to 2018: A Repeated Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Survey
Yun Chen, Lan Wang, Mei Zhang, Sifan Hu, Yan Shao, Xiao Zhang, Chun Li, Jie Chen, Zhenping Zhao, Yanhong Dong, Lin Lu, Maigeng Zhou, Limin Wang, Junliang Yuan, Hongqiang Sun
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.093
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  Objectives  This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.  Methods  In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys (China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance) conducted between 2010 and 2018, a total of 645,420 adult participants (97,741 in 2010; 175,749 in 2013; 187,777 in 2015; and 184,153 in 2018) were included in the trend analysis. Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.  Results  In 2018, the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was 7.58 (SD, 1.45) hours per day, with no significant trend from 2010. A significant increase in short sleep duration (≤ 6 hours) was observed in the total population, from 15.3% (95% CI, 14.1%–16.5%) in 2010 to 18.5% (95% CI, 17.7%–19.3%) in 2018 (P < 0.001). Similarly, the trend in long sleep duration (> 9 hours) was also significant, increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2% (95% CI, 6.3%–8.1%) in 2010 to 9.0% (95% CI, 8.2%–9.9%) in 2018 (P < 0.001).  Conclusions  The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018, highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.
Anthropometric Obesity Measures and Diabetes Progression from Prediabetes in Older Adults: A Comparison of American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization Criteria
Xiujuan Zhang, Huijie An, Virginia Byers Kraus, Xin Gao, Yunfan Li, Bowen Wang, Zhaoxue Yin
Corrected proof  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.090
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  Background  This study examined the associations between obesity indices and the risk of diabetes progression from prediabetes in the older adults, comparing the difference in using ADA and WHO criteria.   Methods  Data were obtained from the Healthy Aging Evaluation Longitudinal Study in China. Among participants without diabetes at baseline, prediabetes was classified based on fasting plasma glucose using both ADA and WHO criteria. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were categorized by data distribution and diagnostic cut-off values, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for obesity-related indices and diabetes progression from prediabetes.   Results  Among 1127 participants classified as prediabetic by ADA criteria, 474 also met WHO criteria. Under ADA-defined prediabetes, the highest WC quartile (≥93cm) was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk with aHR 1.93 (1.06, 3.53, P<0.05), while BMI-related and cut-off-based abdominal obesity showed no significant associations (P>0.05). Under WHO-defined prediabetes, both the high tertile of WC (≥90cm) and general obesity (BMI ≥28.0 kg/m²) were significantly associated with progression to diabetes (P<0.05), with aHR 2.13 (1.06, 4.27) and 2.44 (1.19, 5.01), respectively. However, cut-off-based abdominal obesity and the high BMI tertile (≥25.75 kg/m²) were not significantly associated with progression to obesity (P>0.05).   Conclusion  : Elevated WC, rather than BMI-based indices or cut-off-based abdominal obesity, was significantly associated with progression to diabetes using ADA-defined prediabetes criteria. However, both evaluated WC and general obesity predicted progression to diabetes under WHO criteria.
Plasma Metabolites Mediate the Associations of Gut Microbial Diversity with Ambulatory Blood Pressure and its Variability
Zhenghao Tang, Zhennan Lin, Jianxin Li, Fangchao Liu, Jie Cao, Shufeng Chen, Keyong Huang, Hongfan Li, Dongsheng Hu, Jianfeng Huang, Dongfeng Gu, Xiangfeng Lu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.089
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  Objective  Evidence suggests that depleted gut microbial α-diversity is associated with hypertension; however, whether metabolic markers affect this relationship remains unknown. We aimed to determine the potential metabolites mediating the associations of α-diversity with blood pressure (BP) and BP variability (BPV).  Methods  Metagenomics and plasma targeted metabolomics were conducted on 523 Chinese participants from the MetaSalt study. The 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime BP and BPV were calculated based on ambulatory BP measurements. Linear mixed models were used to characterize the relationships between α-diversity (Shannon and Chao1 index) and BP indices. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the contribution of metabolites to the observed associations. The influence of key metabolites on hypertension was further evaluated in a prospective cohort of 2,169 participants.  Results  Gut microbial richness (Chao1) was negatively associated with 24-hour systolic BP, daytime systolic BP, daytime diastolic BP, 24-hour systolic BPV, and nighttime systolic BPV (P < 0.05). Moreover, 26 metabolites were strongly associated with richness (Bonferroni P < 0.05). Among them, four key metabolites (imidazole propionate, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, homovanillic acid, and hydrocinnamic acid) mediated the associations between richness and BP indices (proportions of mediating effects: 14.1–67.4%). These key metabolites were also associated with hypertension in the prospective cohort. For example, each 1-standard deviation unit increase in hydrocinnamic acid significantly reduced the risk of prevalent (OR [95% CI] = 0.90 [0.82, 0.99]; P = 0.03) and incident hypertension (HR [95% CI] = 0.83 [0.71, 0.96]; P = 0.01).  Conclusion  Our results suggest that gut microbial richness correlates with lower BP and BPV, and that certain metabolites mediate these associations. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of hypertension.
Association Between Urinary Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposures and Obesity Based on Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference
Xin Peng, Bingsong Zhang, Zixuan Chen, Hongyuan Qi, Ying Zhu, Guoxiao Liang, Zhigang Huang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.088
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Associations of Exposure to Typical Environmental Organic Pollutants with Cardiopulmonary Health and the Mediating Role of Oxidative Stress: A Randomized Crossover Study
Ning Gao, Bin Wang, Ran Zhao, Han Zhang, Xiaoqian Jia, Tianxiang Wu, Mengyuan Ren, Lu Zhao, Jiazhang Shi, Jing Huang, Shaowei Wu, Guofeng Shen, Bo Pan, Mingliang Fang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.087
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  Objective  The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.  Methods  A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens, and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators.  Results  Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PHE) (β = 4.35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85%, 7.97%)), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (β = 3.44% (95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%)), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-PHE) (β = 5.78% (95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%)) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR) (β = 3.05% (95% CI: −4.66%, −1.41%)), 2-OH-PHE (β = 2.68% (95% CI: −4%, −1.34%)), and 4-OH-PHE (β = 3% (95% CI: −4.68%, −1.29%)) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.  Conclusion  Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health. Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.
Relationship between Coarse Cereal Consumption and Body Fat Percentage among Chinese School-aged Children
Tingting Gao, Wei Cao, Titi Yang, Peipei Xu, Juan Xu, Qian Gan, Hongliang Wang, Hui Pan, Yingying Zhao, Kai You, Qingbin Xing, Wenhua Zhao, Zhenyu Yang, Qian Zhang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.086
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  Objective  The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns. To address this public health concern, we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereal consumption and body fat percentage (BFP) in Chinese children and adolescents.  Methods  The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China (24,152 girls and 24,153 boys). BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning. Coarse cereal consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups: 0 g/d/1000 kcal, 0–10 g/d/1000 kcal, and > 10 g/d/1000 kcal (daily consumption of coarse cereals × 1000/total energy consumption). Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, pubertal development stage, urban/rural and regional factors, total daily dietary energy consumption, sedentary time, moderate-to-high physical activity, household income, parental education, and consumption of other foods.  Results  Boys aged 6–10, 11–14, and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereal consumptions of 6.6 g, 7.1 g, and 5.7 g, with BFP of 19.6%, 19.5%, and 17.5% (all P < 0.05). Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g, 8.4 g, and 6.7 g, with BFP of 20.3%, 26.4%, and 31.0% (all P < 0.05). The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15, 0.25, and 0.50 quartiles, with regression coefficients of −0.257, −0.221, and −0.330, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.05). For girls, there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 0.85 quartiles, with regression coefficients of −0.258, −0.366, −0.372, −0.431, −0.472, and −0.503 (P < 0.05 for all).  Conclusions  Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low. Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years. Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereal consumption prevents childhood obesity.
Cover
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2025, 38(7).  
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2025-7 Contents
2025, 38(7): 1-2.  
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Editorial
Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors Influence Tuberculosis Control
Lei Gao
2025, 38(7): 779-780.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.091
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Original Article
Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanism by Which Foam Macrophages Restrict Survival of Intracellular Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Xiao Peng, Yuanyuan Liu, Liyao Chen, Hui Yang, Yan Chang, Yeran Yang, Xuan Zhang, Anna Jia, Yongbo Yu, Yongli Guo, Jie Lu
2025, 38(7): 781-791.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.078
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  Objectives  This study aimed to investigate the impact of foam macrophages (FMs) on the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and identify the molecular mechanisms influencing MTB survival.  Methods  An in vitro FM model was established using oleic acid induction. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify the key molecular pathways involved in FM-mediated MTB survival.  Results  Induced FMs effectively restricted MTB survival. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed distinct changes in gene and metabolite expression in FMs during MTB infection compared with normal macrophages. Integrated analyses identified significant alterations in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, indicating that its activation contributes to the FM-mediated restriction of MTB survival.  Conclusions  FMs inhibit MTB survival. The cAMP signaling pathway is a key contributor. These findings enhance the understanding of the role of FMs in tuberculosis progression, suggest potential targets for host-directed therapies, and offer new directions for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.
Independent and Interactive Effects of Air Pollutants, Meteorological Factors, and Green Space on Tuberculosis Incidence in Shanghai
Qi Ye, Jing Chen, Yating Ji, Xiaoyu Lu, Jiale Deng, Nan Li, Wei Wei, Renjie Hou, Zhiyuan Li, Jianbang Xiang, Xu Gao, Xin Shen, Chongguang Yang
2025, 38(7): 792-809.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.041
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  Objective  To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants, meteorological factors, and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis (TB) cases.  Methods  TB case data from Shanghai (2013–2018) were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Environmental data on air pollutants, meteorological variables, and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases.  Results  Increased TB risk was linked to PM2.5, PM10, and rainfall, whereas NO2, SO2, and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk. Specifically, the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags: PM2.5 (RR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.026–1.325) at 0–19 weeks; PM10 (RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.028–1.324) at 0–18 weeks; NO2 (RR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.938–0.999) at 0–1 weeks; SO2 (RR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.894–0.999) at 0–2 weeks; air pressure (RR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.447–0.816) at 0–8 weeks; and rainfall (RR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.076–1.833) at 0–22 weeks. Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases. Additionally, low temperatures amplified the effect of PM2.5 on TB.  Conclusion  Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and rainfall increased the risk of TB, highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.
Increased Tertiary Lymphoid Structures are Associated with Exaggerated Lung Tissue Damage in Smokers with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Yue Zhang, Liang Li, Zikang Sheng, Yafei Rao, Xiang Zhu, Yu Pang, Mengqiu Gao, Xiaoyan Gai, Yongchang Sun
2025, 38(7): 810-818.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.020
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  Objective   Cigarette smoking exacerbates the progression of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in chronic lung diseases has gained attention; however, it remains unclear whether smoking-exacerbated lung damage in TB is associated with TLS. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of pulmonary TLS in smokers with TB and to explore the possible role of TLS in smoking-related lung injury in TB.  Methods   Lung tissues from 36 male patients (18 smokers and 18 non-smokers) who underwent surgical resection for pulmonary TB were included in this study. Pathological and immunohistological analyses were conducted to evaluate the quantity of TLS, and chest computed tomography (CT) was used to assess the severity of lung lesions. The correlation between the TLS quantity and TB lesion severity scores was analyzed. The immune cells and chemokines involved in TLS formation were also evaluated and compared between smokers and non-smokers.  Results   Smoker patients with TB had significantly higher TLS than non-smokers (P < 0.001). The TLS quantity in both the lung parenchyma and peribronchial regions correlated with TB lesion severity on chest CT (parenchyma: r = 0.5767; peribronchial: r = 0.7373; both P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased B cells, T cells, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) expression in smoker patients with TB (P < 0.001).  Conclusion   Smoker TB patients exhibited increased pulmonary TLS, which was associated with exacerbated lung lesions on chest CT, suggesting that cigarette smoking may exacerbate lung damage by promoting TLS formation.
Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Socio-economic Influencing Factors of Tuberculosis Incidence in Guangdong Province: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis
Huizhong Wu, Xing Li, Jiawen Wang, Ronghua Jian, Jianxiong Hu, Yijun Hu, Yiting Xu, Jianpeng Xiao, Aiqiong Jin, Liang Chen
2025, 38(7): 819-828.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.071
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  Objective  To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019.  Method  Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model.  Results  Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk (RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86–0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.97), with a marginal effect of population density (RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86–1.00).  Conclusion  The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.
A Retrospective Study of Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes in Mothers with Hepatitis C Viremia
Wen Deng, Ziyu Zhang, Xinxin Li, Yaqin Zhang, Weihua Cao, Shiyu Wang, Xin Wei, Zixuan Gao, Shuojie Wang, Linmei Yao, Lu Zhang, Hongxiao Hao, Xiaoxue Chen, Yuanjiao Gao, Wei Yi, Yao Xie, Minghui Li
2025, 38(7): 829-839.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.079
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  Objective  To investigate chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection’s effect on gestational liver function, pregnancy and delivery complications, and neonatal development.  Methods  A total of 157 HCV antibody-positive (anti-HCV[+]) and HCV RNA(+) patients (Group C) and 121 anti-HCV(+) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group B) were included as study participants, while 142 anti-HCV(-) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group A) were the control group. Data on biochemical indices during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, delivery-related information, and neonatal complications were also collected.  Results   Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) rates in Group C during early, middle, and late pregnancy were 59.87%, 43.95%, and 42.04%, respectively—significantly higher than Groups B (26.45%, 15.70%, 10.74%) and A (23.94%, 19.01%, 6.34%) (P < 0.05). Median ALT levels in Group C were significantly higher than in Groups A and B at all pregnancy stages (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in neonatal malformation rates across groups (P > 0.05). However, neonatal jaundice incidence was significantly greater in Group C (75.16%) compared to Groups A (42.25%) and B (57.02%) (χ2 = 33.552, P < 0.001). HCV RNA positivity during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice (OR = 2.111, 95% CI 1.242–3.588, P = 0.006).  Conclusions  Chronic HCV infection can affect the liver function of pregnant women, but does not increase the pregnancy or delivery complication risks. HCV RNA(+) is an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice.
HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance and Transmission Clusters among Newly Diagnosed Patients in the China-Myanmar Border Region, 2020–2023
Huan Liu, Yuecheng Yang, Xing Duan, Yichen Jin, Yanfen Cao, Yi Feng, Chang Cai, Hehe Zhao, Houlin Tang
2025, 38(7): 840-847.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.080
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  Objective   This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients between 2020 and 2023 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China.  Methods   Demographic information and plasma samples were collected from study participants. PDR was assessed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. The Tamura-Nei 93 model within HIV-TRACE was employed to compute pairwise matches with a genetic distance of 0.015 substitutions per site.  Results   Among 948 treatment-naive individuals with eligible sequences, 36 HIV subtypes were identified, with unique recombinant forms (URFs) being the most prevalent (18.8%, 178/948). The overall prevalence of PDR was 12.4% (118/948), and resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) was 10.7%, 1.3%, and 1.6%, respectively. A total of 91 clusters were identified, among which eight showed evidence of PDR strain transmission. The largest PDR-associated cluster consisted of six CRF01_AE drug-resistant strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations; five of these individuals had initial CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/μL.  Conclusion   The distribution of HIV subtypes in Dehong is diverse and complex. PDR was moderately prevalent (12.4%) between 2020 and 2023. Evidence of transmission of CRF01_AE strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations was found. Routine surveillance of PDR and the strengthening of control measures are essential to limit the spread of drug-resistance HIV strains.
Epidemic Evolution Trends and Spatiotemporal Clustering of Human Brucellosis in Xilingol League Inner Mongolia, from 2004 to 2023
Zhiguo Liu, Miao Wang, Hao Tang, Chuizhao Xue, Zhenjun Li, Canjun Zheng
2025, 38(7): 848-855.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.081
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  Objective  Human brucellosis is a serious public health concern in the Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia; however, the epidemic trends are unclear.  Method  In this study, Joinpoint regression analysis and spatiotemporal analysis were applied to investigate the epidemic evolution of human brucellosis.  Result  From 2004 to 2023, a total of 35,747 cases were reported, with an annual average of 1787.35 cases and an annual average incidence rate of 176.04/100,000. The incidence increased from 173.96/100,000 in 2004 to 500.71/100,000 in 2009 and fluctuated to 61.43/100,000 in 2023. Three epidemic join points were observed in which the disease experienced an alternative rise and fall, peaking in 2009 (APC = 21.73, P > 0.001) and 2020 (APC = 21.51, P > 0.001). The disease showed a persistent decline trend in lentitude (AAPC = –5.30, P > 0.001), suggesting challenges in disease control and a higher risk of rebound. The most cases were reported in Xilinhot City (n = 4,777), followed by 4,391 in Sonid Left Banner, and 4,324 in Abaga Banner. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed two high clusters (CI and CII) from 2005 to 2012, the high cluster encompassing eight counties and shifting from north to south.  Conclusion  The present analysis highlights that human brucellosis has decreased significantly in the Xilingol League, but the epidemic is still severe; further implementation of a strict control program is necessary.
Deciphering Virulence Factors of Hyper-Virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated with Meningitis
Liling Xie, Shuo Liu, Yufan Wang, Mingchun Li, Zhenhua Huang, Yue Ma, Qilin Yu
2025, 38(7): 856-866.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.082
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  Objective   Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a prevalent pathogenic bacterium involved in meningitis; however, the virulence factors contributing to this disease remain poorly understood.  Methods   The virulence of the P. aeruginosa A584, isolated from meningitis samples, was evaluated by constructing in vitro blood-brain barrier and in vivo systemic infection models. qPCR, whole-genome sequencing, and drug efflux assays of A584 were performed to analyze the virulence factors.  Results   Genomic sequencing showed that A584 formed a phylogenetic cluster with the reference strains NY7610, DDRC3, Pa58, and Pa124. Its genome includes abundant virulence factors, such as hemolysin, the Type IV secretion system, and pyoverdine. A584 is a multidrug-resistant strain, and its wide-spectrum resistance is associated with enhanced drug efflux. Moreover, this strain caused significantly more severe damage to the blood-brain barrier than the standard strain, PAO1. qPCR assays further revealed the downregulation of the blood-brain barrier-associated proteins Claudin-5 and Occludin by A584. During systemic infection, A584 exhibited a higher capacity of brain colonization than PAO1 (37.1 × 106 CFU/g brain versus 2.5 × 106 CFU/g brain), leading to higher levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α.  Conclusion   This study sheds light on the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa involved in meningitis.
Letter
Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Tuberculosis and Its Association with Meteorological Factors and Air Pollution in Shaanxi Province, China
Hengliang Lyu, Xihao Liu, Hui Chen, Xueli Zhang, Feng Liu, Zitong Zheng, Hongwei Zhang, Yuanyong Xu, Wenyi Zhang
2025, 38(7): 867-872.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.083
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Whole-Genome Phylogeny of Brucella melitensis Isolates from Gansu Province, China
Xiaoyan Zhou, Pinggui Wang, Qingqing Xu, Yu Feng, Dingsheng Wang, Qi Zhao, Lixia Niu, Minghui Ma, Aiwei He, Hai Jiang
2025, 38(7): 873-876.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.084
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Droplet Digital PCR for Diagnosing Brucellosis Spondylitis: Method Development and Evaluation
Xiuqin Chang, Guangtian Liu, Bo Li, Meng Hao, Xuefeng Jiang, Zhiguo Liu
2025, 38(7): 877-880.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.085
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Trends Analysis on Vaccination Coverage of Influenza in Shandong Province, China
Guijie Luan, Liang Sun, Weiyan Zhang, Yao Liu, Shaonan Liu
2025, 38(7): 881-884.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.063
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Seasonal Effects of Air Pollutants on Stroke Deaths in Qingdao from 2014 to 2019
Jingkai Zhang, Bingling Wang, Lu Pan, Nan Ge, Jingya Yin, Yuan Fang, Hua Zhang, Jianjun Zhang, Xiutao Cao, Yan Ma, Li Cheng, Haiping Duan
2025, 38(7): 885-890.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.073
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Bone Injury and Fracture Healing Biology
Ahmad Oryan, Somayeh Monazzah, Amin Bigham-Sadegh
2015, 28(1): 57-71.   doi: 10.3967/bes2015.006
[Abstract](12608) [PDF 3875KB](5377)
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021: An Updated Summary
The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
2022, 35(7): 573-603.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.079
[Abstract](17555) [FullText HTML](8230) [PDF 2336KB](8230)
The Serum Exosome Derived MicroRNA-135a, -193b, and-384 Were Potential Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers
YANG Ting Ting, LIU Chen Geng, GAO Shi Chao, ZHANG Yi, WANG Pei Chang
2018, 31(2): 87-96.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.011
[Abstract](8940) [FullText HTML](3161) [PDF 11333KB](3161)
Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases Caused by Specific Etiologies in China, 1990−2016: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
LI Man, WANG Zhuo Qun, ZHANG Lu, ZHENG Hao, LIU Dian Wu, ZHOU Mai Geng
2020, 33(1): 1-10.   doi: 10.3967/bes2020.001
[Abstract](10026) [FullText HTML](3710) [PDF 2552KB](3710)
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022: an Updated Summary
The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
2023, 36(8): 669-701.   doi: 10.3967/bes2023.106
[Abstract](10119) [FullText HTML](4717) [PDF 1561KB](4717)
Effects of Short-Term Forest Bathing on Human Health in a Broad-Leaved Evergreen Forest in Zhejiang Province, China
MAO Gen Xiang, LAN Xiao Guang, CAO Yong Bao, CHEN Zhuo Mei, HE Zhi Hua, LV Yuan Dong, WANG Ya Zhen, HU Xi Lian, WANG Guo Fu, YAN Jing
2012, 25(3): 317-324.   doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.010
[Abstract](6776) [PDF 528KB](2861)
Trends in Lipids Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults, 2002-2015
SONG Peng Kun, MAN Qing Qing, LI Hong, PANG Shao Jie, JIA Shan Shan, LI Yu Qian, HE Li, ZHAO Wen Hua, ZHANG Jian
2019, 32(8): 559-570.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.074
[Abstract](8067) [FullText HTML](3000) [PDF 3641KB](3000)
Evidence on Invasion of Blood, Adipose Tissues, Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure: Nanoplastics versus Microplastics
YANG Zuo Sen, BAI Ying Long, JIN Cui Hong, NA Jun, ZHANG Rui, GAO Yuan, PAN Guo Wei, YAN Ling Jun, SUN Wei
2022, 35(11): 1025-1037.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.131
[Abstract](3938) [FullText HTML](1827) [PDF 10064KB](1827)
Protein Requirements in Healthy Adults:A Meta-analysis of Nitrogen Balance Studies
LI Min, SUN Feng, PIAO Jian Hua, YANG Xiao Guang
2014, 27(8): 606-613.   doi: 10.3967/bes2014.093
[Abstract](5231) [PDF 8784KB](2093)
TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus
SHAO Nan, LI Fan, NIE Kai, FU Shi Hong, ZHANG Wei Jia, HE Ying, LEI Wen Wen, WANG Qian Ying, LIANG Guo Dong, CAO Yu Xi, WANG Huan Yu
2018, 31(3): 208-214.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.026
[Abstract](5410) [FullText HTML](2141) [PDF 4691KB](2141)
Stability of SARS Coronavirus in Human Specimens and Environment and Its Sensitivity to Heating and UV Irradiation
SHU-MING DUAN, Xin-sheng Zhao, RUI-FU WEN, JING-JING HUANG, GUO-HUA PI, SU-XIANG ZHANG, JUN HAN, SHENG-LI BI, LI RUAN, XIAO-PING DONG, SARS RESEARCH TEAM
2003, 16(3): 246-255.  
[Abstract](7441) [PDF 610KB](1908)
Metabolomic Profiling Differences among Asthma, COPD, and Healthy Subjects: A LC-MS-based Metabolomic Analysis
LIANG Ying, GAI Xiao Yan, CHANG Chun, ZHANG Xu, WANG Juan, LI Ting Ting
2019, 32(9): 659-672.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.085
[Abstract](5685) [FullText HTML](1803) [PDF 2914KB](1803)
Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Clinical Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
ZHANG Lu Lu, ZHANG Chi, PENG Jun Ping
2022, 35(5): 381-392.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.054
[Abstract](3784) [FullText HTML](1934) [PDF 2174KB](1934)
Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
JIA Bing Bing, YANG Zhou Xin, MAO Gen Xiang, LYU Yuan Dong, WEN Xiao Lin, XU Wei Hong, LYU XIAO Ling
2016, 29(3): 212-218.   doi: 10.3967/bes2016.026
[Abstract](3259) [PDF 803KB](1294)
Correlation between Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality in College Students
ZHANG Yu Tong, HUANG Tao, ZHOU Fang, HUANG Ao Di, JI Xiao Qi, HE Lu, GENG Qiang, WANG Jia, MEI Can, XU Yu Jia, YANG Ze Long, ZHAN Jian Bo, CHENG Jing
2022, 35(7): 648-651.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.084
[Abstract](3656) [FullText HTML](1664) [PDF 1202KB](1664)
Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Oncology Patientsand Its Association with Quality of Life
ZHANG Ya Hui, XIE Fang Yi, CHEN Ya Wen, WANG Hai Xia, TIAN Wen Xia, SUN Wen Guang, WU Jing
2018, 31(9): 637-644.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.088
[Abstract](6343) [FullText HTML](1977) [PDF 31943KB](1977)
Supplementation of Fermented Barley Extracts with Lactobacillus Plantarum dy-1 Inhibits Obesity via a UCP1-dependent Mechanism
XIAO Xiang, BAI Juan, LI Ming Song, ZHANG Jia Yan, SUN Xin Juan, DONG Ying
2019, 32(8): 578-591.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.076
[Abstract](5488) [FullText HTML](1503) [PDF 9101KB](1503)
The Emergence, Epidemiology, and Etiology of Haff Disease
PEI Pei, LI Xiao Yan, LU Shuang Shuang, LIU Zhe, WANG Rui, LU Xuan Cheng, LU Kai
2019, 32(10): 769-778.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.096
[Abstract](5615) [FullText HTML](2411) [PDF 2249KB](2411)
Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Their Associated Socioeconomic Factors in China: A Spatial Analysis of A National Representative Survey
WANG Wei, ZHANG Mei, XU Cheng Dong, YE Peng Peng, LIU Yun Ning, HUANG Zheng Jing, HU Cai Hong, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Zhen Ping, LI Chun, CHEN Xiao Rong, WANG Li Min, ZHOU Mai Geng
2021, 34(12): 937-951.   doi: 10.3967/bes2021.130
[Abstract](4008) [FullText HTML](1958) [PDF 2205KB](1958)
Mutual Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis in China
CHENG Jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Yan Lin, WANG Li Xia, CHEN Ming Ting
2017, 30(5): 384-389.   doi: 10.3967/bes2017.051
[Abstract](4804) [FullText HTML](1757) [PDF 671KB](1757)

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Vol 38, No 7

(August, 2025)

ISSN 0895-3988

CN 11-2816/Q

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