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A total of 884 PTVD patients and 907 control subjects were enrolled in this study. PTVD patients tended to be male and had a higher incidence of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history, than the control group (P < 0.001). Levels of blood lipids and blood glucose also significantly differed between the two groups (Table 1).
Characteristics PTVD Group
n = 884Control Group
n = 907P Value Age, year 47.7 ± 6.1 46.9 ± 10.1 0.087 Female (%) 240 (27.2) 303 (33.4) < 0.001 BMI, kg/m2 26.5 ± 3.4 25.2 ± 3.4 < 0.001 Hypertension (%) 545 (61.7) 235 (26.0) < 0.001 Hyperlipidemia (%) 534 (60.4) 118 (13.0) < 0.001 Diabetes mellitus (%) 312 (35.4) 65 (7.2) < 0.001 Bleeding (%) 11 (1.2) 0 (0) 0.105 Smoke (%) 488 (55.2) 305 (33.7) < 0.001 WBC, 109/L 7.2 ± 2.3 6.1 ± 1.5 < 0.001 RBC, 1012/L 4.8 ± 0.4 4.9 ± 0.4 0.818 Hemoglobin, g/L 140.0 ± 16.1 146.9 ± 15.6 < 0.001 Platelet, 109/L 215.4 ± 61.2 186.7 ± 54.0 < 0.001 Creatinine, μmol/L 77.3 ± 17.1 73.2 ± 15.3 < 0.001 TG, mmol/L 2.0 ± 1.2 1.7 ± 1.2 < 0.001 TC, mmol/L 4.8 ± 1.2 4.7 ± 1.0 0.089 HDL-C, mmol/L 1.0 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.3 < 0.001 LDL-C, mmol/L 2.7 ± 1.2 2.9 ± 0.9 0.012 Blood glucose, mmol/L 6.4 ± 3.3 5.7 ± 1.1 < 0.001 Note. PTVD = premature triple-vessel disease; BMI = body mass index; WBC = white blood cells; RBC = red blood cells; TG = triglycerides; TC = total cholesterol; HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or count (percentage). Table 1. Baseline Data of the PTVD and Control Groups
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Basic information on the nine SNPs of CDKN2B-AS1, including loci location, allele frequency, HWE test results, and analytical model, are shown in Table 2. All SNPs in both groups demonstrated HWE (P > 0.05). Differences in the frequency distributions of alleles between the PTVD patients and controls were conducted using chi-squared tests, and the allele frequencies of seven tag SNPs were higher in the PTVD group than in the control group (rs1063192 A, P < 0.001; rs10757274 G, P < 0.001; rs1333042 G, P < 0.001; rs1333049 C, P < 0.001; rs3217986 G, P = 0.040; rs4977574 G, P < 0.001; rs9632884 C, P < 0.001). After analyzing differences between genders, the frequencies of several alleles were found to significantly differ between males and females; these alleles included rs1063192 [dominant model: AA/GG+GA, male: 455 (70.7%)/188 (29.3%) vs. 353 (58.4%)/251 (41.6%), P < 0.001; female: 160 (66.4%)/81 (33.6%) vs. 176 (58.1%)/127 (41.9%), P = 0.123] and rs3217986 [dominant model: TT/GG+GT, male: 511 (79.5%)/132 (20.5%) vs. 534 (88.4%)/70 (11.6%), P = 0.001; female: 203 (84.2%)/38 (15.8%) vs. 253 (83.5%)/50 (16.5%), P = 0.838], as shown in Table 3.
Table 2. Comparison of SNPs of CDKN2B-AS1 between the PTVD and Control Groups
Table 3. Allele-carrying Status of CDKN2B-AS1 between Males and Females of the PTVD and Control Groups
We further assessed the association between SNPs that were significantly different between the two groups and PTVD risk using logistic regression analysis. The results of analyses under the dominant and recessive genetic models are presented in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. We determined that homozygote AA of rs1333042 is associated with decreased risk for PTVD (dominant model, OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.82, P = 0.011) and that the G allele of rs3217986 is associated with increased risk for PTVD in male patients (dominant model, OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.27-6.80, P = 0.012). Regardless of the model applied, no positively mutated allele was found in female PTVD patients (Tables 4 and 5). Logistic regression analysis also revealed that traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, and high levels of blood lipids, were associated with increased risk for PTVD in both male and female PTVD patients (Tables 4 and 5).
Table 4. Logistic Regression Analysis under the Dominant Model of PTVD
Table 5. Logistic Regression Analysis under the Recessive Model of PTVD