2014 Vol. 27, No. 1

Commentary
Comment on‘Histological Subtypes of Lung Cancer in Chinese Males from 2000 to 2012’
SUN Yan
2014, 27(1): 1-2. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.009
Original Articles
Histological Subtypes of Lung Cancer in Chinese Males from 2000 to 2012
ZOU Xiao Nong, LIN Dong Mei, WAN Xia, CHAO Ann, FENG Qin Fu, DAI Zhen, YANG Gong Huan, LV Ning
2014, 27(1): 3-9. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.010
Objective To characterize the histological and epidemiological features of male lung cancer patients in China.
Methods The demographic and histological information about male lung cancer patients identified from 2000-01-01 to 2012-12-31, was collected from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Relative frequencies (RF) were estimated for major histological subtypes and compared according to the years of diagnosis and birth.
Results The RF of adenocarcinoma (ADC) increased from 21.96% to 43.36% and the RF of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) decreased from 39.11% to 32.23% from 2000 to 2012 in the 15 427 male lung cancer patients included in this study (Z=17.909, P<0.0001; Z=-6.117, P<0.0001). The RF of ADC increased from 28.72% in 2000-2004, 36.88% in 2005-2008 to 48.61% in 2009-2012 in patients born after 1960. The age-adjusted RF of ADC in 2007-2012 increased consistently in all the investigated areas.
Conclusion The increased RF of ADC in male lung cancer patients highlights the need for further investigation of the etiologic factors of these tumors. Smoke-free policies rather than modifying tobacco products should be enforced.
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Induces Circulating MicroRNA Deregulation in Early Lung Carcinogenesis
WU Jian Jun, YANG Ti, LI Xun, XIA Yuan, ZHAO Yao, ZOU Fei, JIANG Yi Guo
2014, 27(1): 10-16. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.011
Objective To study the alteration of circulating microRNAs in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced early stage lung carcinogenesis.
Methods A lung cancer model of male F344 rats was induced with systemic NNK and levels of 8 lung cancer-associated miRNAs in whole blood and serum of rats were measured by quantitative RT-PCR of each at weeks 1, 5, 10, and 20 following NNK treatment.
Results No lung cancer was detected in control group and NNK treatment group at week 20 following NNK treatment. The levels of some circulating miRNAs were significantly higher in NNK treatment group than in control group. The miR-210 was down-regulated and the miR-206 was up-regulated in NNK treatment group. The expression level of circulating miRNAs changed from week 1 to week 20 following NNK treatment.
Conclusion The expression level of circulating miRNAs is related to NNK-induced early stage lung carcinogenesis in rats and can therefore serve as its potential indicator.
Effect of Spleen Lymphocytes on the Splenomegaly in Hepatocellular Carcinoma-bearing Mice
FANG Jing Jing, ZHU Zhen Yuan, DONG Hui, ZHENG Guo Qiang, TENG An Guo, LIU An Jun
2014, 27(1): 17-26. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.012
Objective To study the effect of spleen lymphocytes on the splenomegaly by hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mouse model.
Methods Cell counts, cell cycle distribution, the percentage of lymphocytes subsets and the levels of IL-2 were measured, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to investigate the relationship between spleen lymphocytes and splenomegaly in hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice.
Results Compared with the normal group, the thymus was obviously atrophied and the spleen was significantly enlarged in the tumor-bearing group. Correlation study showed that the number of whole spleen cells was positively correlated with the splenic index. The cell diameter and cell-cycle phase distribution of splenocytes in the tumor-bearing group showed no significant difference compared to the normal group. The percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes in spleen and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice were substantially higher than that in the normal mice. Meanwhile, the IL-2 level was also higher in the tumor-bearing group than in the normal group. Furthermore, two dysregulated protein, β-actin and S100-A9 were identified in spleen lymphocytes from H22-bearing mice, which were closely related to cellular motility.
Conclusion It is suggested that dysregulated β-actin and S100-A9 can result in recirculating T lymphocytes trapped in the spleen, which may explain the underlying cause of splenomegaly in H22-bearing mice.
Role of PLC-PIP2 and cAMP-PKA Signal Pathways in Radiation-induced Immune-suppressing Effect
DONG Juan Cong, CHENG Guang Hui, SHAN Yu Xing, WU Ning, SHAO Ming Long, LI Peng Wu, JIN Shun Zi
2014, 27(1): 27-34. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.005
Objective The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes in CD4+CD25+Nrp1+Treg cells after irradiation with different doses and explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved.
Methods ICR mice and mouse lymphoma cell line (EL-4 cells) was used. The expressions of CD4, CD25, Nrp1, calcineurin and PKC-α were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of TGF-β1, IL-10, PKA and cAMP were estimated with ELISA.
Results At 12 h after irradiation, the expression of Nrp1 increased significantly in 4.0 Gy group, compared with sham-irradiation group (P<0.05) in the spleen and thymus, respectively, when ICR mice received whole-body irradiation (WBI). Meanwhile the synthesis of Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increased significantly after high dose irradiation (HDR) (> or = 1.0 Gy). In addition, the expression of cAMP and PKA protein increased, while PKC-α, calcineurin decreased at 12h in thymus cells after 4.0 Gy X-irradiation. While TGF-β1 was clearly inhibited when the PLC-PIP2 signal pathway was stimulated or the cAMP-PKA signal pathway was blocked after 4.0 Gy X-irradiation, this did not limit the up-regulation of CD4+CD25+Nrp1+Treg cells after ionizing radiation.
Conclusion These results indicated that HDR might induce CD4+CD25+Nrp1+Treg cells production and stimulate TGF-β1 secretion by regulating signal molecules in mice.
Identification of Animal Rabies in Inner Mongolia and Analysis of the Etiologic Characteristics
YIN Jing Feng, WANG Jin Ling, TANG Qing, DING Yu Lin, TAO XiaoYan, LI Hao, SONG Miao, GUO ZhenYang, SHEN Xin Xin, LIANG Guo Dong, WANG Feng Long
2014, 27(1): 35-44. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.003
Objective To perform pathological observation and etiological identification of specimens collected from dairy cows, beef cattle and dogs which were suspected of rabies in Inner Mongolia in 2011, and analyze their etiological characteristics.
Methods Pathological observation was conducted on the brain specimens of three infected animals with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, followed by confirmation using immunofluorescence and nested RT-PCR methods. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the virus N gene sequence amplified from three specimens.
Results Eosinophilic and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in neuronal cells of the CNS; and rabies non-characteristic histopathological changes were also detected in the CNS. The three brain specimens were detected positive. N gene nucleotide sequence of these three isolates showed distinct sequence identity, therefore they fell into different groups in the phylogenetic analysis. N gene in the cow and dog had higher homology with that in Hebei isolate, but that in the beef cattle had higher homology with that in Mongolian lupine isolate and Russian red fox isolate.
Conclusion Rabies were observed in the dairy cow, beef cattle and canine in the farm in Inner Mongolia, in 2011, which led to a different etiologic characteristics of the epidemic situation.
Research Highlight
Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor Study 2010:Its Policy Implications for China
YU Shi Cheng, TAN Feng, ZHOU Mai Geng, LIU Shi Wei, ZHU Xiao Jun, ZHU Yu Ling
2014, 27(1): 45-48. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.013
Letters to the Editor
Effect of Soy Isoflavone Crude Extract Supplementation on High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Rats
ZHANG Yun Bo, LI Li Na, ZHAO Xin Yu, CHEN Wen Hua, GUO Jing Jing, FU Zheng Hai, YANG Yang, NA Xiao Lin
2014, 27(1): 49-51. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.014
Antibody Production for a Rapid Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay of Estrone
ZHANG Xuan, WANG Qiang, YU Zhong, Sergei A. Eremin, YU Chun Fai, LIU Jin, SUN Yuan Ming, LEI Hong Tao
2014, 27(1): 52-55. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.015
An Outbreak of Leptospirosis in Lezhi County, China in 2010 May Possibly Be Linked to Rainfall
WANG Ya Lin, QIN Jin Hong, ZHANG Cui Cai, GUO Xiao Kui, JIANG Xiu Gao, HE Ping
2014, 27(1): 56-59. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.016
Epidemic of Rabies and Effect of Its Vaccine against a Dog That Consecutively Attacked Ten People in One Day
GAO Li Dong, ZHANG Hong, CAI Liang, CHEN Bo Zhong, JIANG Yong Lin, LIU Yun Zhi, LV Xin Jun, YU Peng Cheng, HU Shi Xiong, LIU Fu Qiang, LI Hao, LI Ge Ying, SHEN Xin Xin, TAO Xiao Yan, ZHANG Si Yu, LIU Jia Hui, TANG Qing, LI Jun Hua
2014, 27(1): 60-64. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.017
Formulation of an Early Warning Infectivity Score System for Adult Patients with Acute Bacterial Diarrhea
WANG Yan, ZHANG Tian Peng, XIAO Hong Li, QI Hai Yu, YIN Cheng Hong
2014, 27(1): 65-69. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.018
Protective Effect of Mulberry Extract against Pb-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice
CHEN Yao, LI Qian, ZOU Ye, ZHOU Zhao Xiang, FENG Wei Wei, BAO Yong Tuan, MA Rui Hong, JI Peng Cheng, WU Jiang, YANG Liu Qing, WU Xiang Yang
2014, 27(1): 70-73. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.019
News & Analysis
National Data of Class A, B, and C Communicable Diseases in December 2013 in China
2014, 27(1): 74-75. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.020