Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

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Bone Injury and Fracture Healing Biology (30 day view times: 35)

Ahmad Oryan, Somayeh Monazzah, Amin Bigham-Sadegh

2015, 28(1): 57-71. doi: 10.3967/bes2015.006

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Effects of Short-Term Forest Bathing on Human Health in a Broad-Leaved Evergreen Forest in Zhejiang Province, China (30 day view times: 27)

MAO Gen Xiang, LAN Xiao Guang, CAO Yong Bao, CHEN Zhuo Mei, HE Zhi Hua, LV Yuan Dong, WANG Ya Zhen, HU Xi Lian, WANG Guo Fu, YAN Jing

2012, 25(3): 317-324. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.010

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Objective To investigate the effects of short-term forest bathing on human health.Methods Twenty healthy male university students participated as subjects and were randomly divided into two groups of 10.One group was sent on a two-night trip to a broad-leaved evergreen forest,and the other was sent to a city area.Serum cytokine levels reflecting inflammatory and stress response,indicators reflecting oxidative stress,the distribution of leukocyte subsets,and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations were measured before and after the experiment to evaluate the positive health effects of forest environments.A profile of mood states (POMS) evaluation was used to assess changes in mood states.Results No significant differences in the baseline values of the indicators were observed between the two groups before the experiment.Subjects exposed to the forest environment showed reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory level,as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor α levels compared with the urban group.Serum cortisol levels were also lower than in the urban group.Notably,the concentration of plasma ET-1 was much lower in subjects exposed to the forest environment.The POMS evaluation showed that after exposure to the forest environment,subjects had lower scores in the negative subscales,and the score for vigor was increased.Conclusion Forest bathing is beneficial to human health,perhaps through preventive effects related to several pathological factors.

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The Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19: A System Review (30 day view times: 24)

JI Ye Long, WU Yang, QIU Zhen, MING Hao, ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Ai Ning, LENG Yan, XIA Zhong Yuan

2021, 34(1): 50-60. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.007

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Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Oncology Patientsand Its Association with Quality of Life (30 day view times: 21)

ZHANG Ya Hui, XIE Fang Yi, CHEN Ya Wen, WANG Hai Xia, TIAN Wen Xia, SUN Wen Guang, WU Jing

2018, 31(9): 637-644. doi: 10.3967/bes2018.088

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Objective The primary aim of the study was to compare two nutritional status evaluation tools:the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002). Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), the second aim was to provide constructive advice regarding the quality of life of patients with malignancy. Methods This study enrolled 312 oncology patients and assessed their nutritional status and quality of life using the PG-SGA, NRS-2002, and EORTC QLQ-C30. Results The data indicate that 6% of the cancer patients were well nourished. The SGA-A had a higher sensitivity (93.73%) but a poorer specificity (2.30%) than the NRS-2002 (69.30% and 25.00%, respectively) after comparison with albumin. There was a low negative correlation and a high similarity between the PG-SGA and NRS-2002 for evaluating nutritional status, and there was a significant difference in the median PG-SGA scores for each of the SGA classifications (P < 0.001). The SGA-C group showed the highest PG-SGA scores and lowest body mass index. The majority of the target population received 2 points for each item in our 11-item questionnaire from the EORTC QLQ-C30. Conclusion The data indicate that the PG-SGA is more useful and suitable for evaluating nutritional status than the NRS-2002. Additionally, early nutrition monitoring can prevent malnutrition and improve the quality of life of cancer patients.

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Metabolomic Profiling Differences among Asthma, COPD, and Healthy Subjects: A LC-MS-based Metabolomic Analysis (30 day view times: 19)

LIANG Ying, GAI Xiao Yan, CHANG Chun, ZHANG Xu, WANG Juan, LI Ting Ting

2019, 32(9): 659-672. doi: 10.3967/bes2019.085

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Objective Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) feature different inflammatory and cellular profiles in the airways, indicating that the cellular metabolic pathways regulating these disorders are distinct. Methods We aimed to compare the serum metabolomic profiles among mild persistent asthmatic patients, individuals with stable COPD, and healthy subjects and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways. The serum metabolomic profiles of 17 subjects with mild persistent asthma, 17 subjects with stable COPD, and 15 healthy subjects were determined by an untargeted metabolomic analysis utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A series of multivariate statistical analyses was subsequently used. Results Multivariate analysis indicated a distinct separation between the asthmatic patients and healthy controls in electrospray positive and negative ions modes, respectively. A total of 19 differential metabolites were identified. Similarly, a distinct separation between asthma and COPD subjects was detected in the two ions modes. A total of 16 differential metabolites were identified. Among the identified metabolites, the serum levels of hypoxanthine were markedly higher in asthmatic subjects compared with those in COPD or healthy subjects. Conclusions Patients with asthma present a unique serum metabolome, which can distinguish them from individuals with COPD and healthy subjects. Purine metabolism alteration may be distinct and involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.

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MicroRNA-135a in ABCA1-labeled Exosome is a Serum Biomarker Candidate for Alzheimer’s Disease (30 day view times: 17)

LIU Chen Geng, MENG Shuang, LI Ying, LU Yao, ZHAO Yue, WANG Pei Chang

2021, 34(1): 19-28. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.004

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Objective In the present study, the ABCA1 was used as a label to capture specific exosomes, the level of ABCA1-labeled exosomal microRNA-135a (miR-135a) was evaluated for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), especially in patients with early stages of AD. Methods This is a preliminary research focused on the levels of ABCA1 in WBCs, RBCs, HT-22 cells, and neuron cells. The diagnostic value of ABCA1-labeled exosomal miR-135a was examined using the CSF and serum of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, and 152 patients with SCD, 131 patients with MCI, 198 patients with DAT, and 30 control subjects. Results The level of ABCA1 exosomes harvested from HT-22 cells and neuron culture medium was significantly higher compared to that of RBCs and WBCs (P < 0.05). The levels of ABCA1-labeled exosomal miR-135a increased in the CSF of MCI and DAT group compared to those of control group (P < 0.05), slightly increased (P > 0.05) in the serum of SCD patient group, and significantly increased in MCI and DAT patient groups compared to those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study outlines a method to capture specific exosomes and detect them using immunological methods, which is more efficient for early diagnosis of AD.

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Potential Function of MMP3 Gene in Degradation of Extracellular Matrix Complex in Colorectal Carcinoma (30 day view times: 17)

DAI Xiao Yong, SONG An Yi, MU Lan, WANG Li Jun, HUANG Lai Qiang

2021, 34(1): 66-70. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.009

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Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study (30 day view times: 16)

ZHU Yuan Yue, ZHENG Rui Zhi, WANG Gui Xia, CHEN Li, SHI Li Xin, SU Qing, XU Min, XU Yu, CHEN Yu Hong, YU Xue Feng, YAN Li, WANG Tian Ge, ZHAO Zhi Yun, QIN Gui Jun, WAN Qin, CHEN Gang, GAO Zheng Nan, SHEN Fei Xia, LUO Zuo Jie, QIN Ying Fen, HUO Ya Nan, LI Qiang, YE Zhen, ZHANG Yin Fei, LIU Chao, WANG You Min, WU Sheng Li, YANG Tao, DENG Hua Cong, ZHAO Jia Jun, CHEN Lu Lu, MU Yi Ming, TANG Xu Lei, HU Ru Ying, WANG Wei Qing, NING Guang, LI Mian, LU Jie Li, BI Yu Fang

2021, 34(1): 9-18. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.003

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Objective The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and glycemic indices, including plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postload glucose (2h-PG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), remains inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population. Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study. A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment. The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models. Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis. Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels, but with different inflection points in men and women. The thresholds for FPG, 2h-PG, and HbA1c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L, 11.0/14.0 mmol/L, and 6.1/6.5, respectively (SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices). Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes, while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.

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Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (30 day view times: 15)

JIA Bing Bing, YANG Zhou Xin, MAO Gen Xiang, LYU Yuan Dong, WEN Xiao Lin, XU Wei Hong, LYU XIAO Ling

2016, 29(3): 212-218. doi: 10.3967/bes2016.026

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Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases Caused by Specific Etiologies in China, 1990−2016: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (30 day view times: 15)

LI Man, WANG Zhuo Qun, ZHANG Lu, ZHENG Hao, LIU Dian Wu, ZHOU Mai Geng

2020, 33(1): 1-10. doi: 10.3967/bes2020.001

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Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) were used. We evaluated the burden by analyzing age-sex-province-specific prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of 33 provinces in China. Results From 1990 to 2016, prevalence cases in thousands increased by 73.7% from 6833.3 (95% UI: 6498.0–7180.6) to 11869.6 (95% UI: 11274.6–12504.7). Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates per 100,000 decreased by 51.2% and 53.3%, respectively. Male and elderly people (aged ≥ 60 years) preponderance were found for prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. The number of prevalence cases, deaths, and DALYs due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) increased by 86.6%, 8.7%, and 0.9%, respectively. Also, age-standardized prevalence rates decreased in 31 provinces, but increased in Yunnan and Shandong. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) values were negatively correlated with age-standardized mortality and DALY rates by provinces in 2016; the correlation coefficients were −0.817 and −0.828, respectively. Conclusion Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases remain a huge health burden in China, with the increase of population and the aging of population. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the leading cause of the health burden in China.

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The Serum Exosome Derived MicroRNA-135a, -193b, and-384 Were Potential Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers (30 day view times: 15)

YANG Ting Ting, LIU Chen Geng, GAO Shi Chao, ZHANG Yi, WANG Pei Chang

2018, 31(2): 87-96. doi: 10.3967/bes2018.011

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Objective MicroRNAs (miRs) are attractive molecules to be considered as one of the blood-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goal of this study was to explore their potential value as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD. Methods The expression levels of exosomal miR-135a, -193b, and-384 in the serum from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), and vascular dementia (VaD) patients were measured with a real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results Both serum exosome miR-135a and miR-384 were up-regulated while miR-193b was down-regulated in serum of AD patients compared with that of normal controls. Exosome miR-384 was the best among the three miRs to discriminate AD, VaD, and PDD. Using the cut-off value could better interpret these laboratory test results than reference intervals in the AD diagnosis. ROC curve showed that the combination of miR-135a, -193b, and-384 was proved to be better than a particular one for early AD diagnosis. Conclusion Our results indicated that the exosomal miRs in the serum were not only potential biomarker of AD early diagnosis, but might also provide novel insights into the screen and prevention of the disease.

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Analysis of Health Service Utilization and its Influencing Factors among Patients with Pneumoconiosis in China (30 day view times: 14)

WANG Huan Qiang, JIA Jun Lin, JIANG Zhao Qiang, JIN Qi, LI Dong Xia, LING Rui Jie, LI Ying, CUI Ping, CHEN Gang, ZHAO Hong Yu, LI Yan, WEN Ke, LYU Xiang Pei, LOU Jian Lin, LI Tao

2021, 34(1): 83-88. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.011

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Pneumoconiosis, an interstitial lung disease that occurs from breathing in certain kinds of damaging dust particles, is a major occupational disease in China. Patients diagnosed with occupational pneumoconiosis can avail of free medical treatment, whereas patients without a diagnosis of occupational diseases cannot not claim free medical treatment in most provinces from the government before 2019. This study aimed to analyze the priority of medical facility selection and its influencing factors among patients with pneumoconiosis. A total of 1,037 patients with pneumoconiosis from nine provinces in China were investigated. The health service institutions most frequently selected by the patients were county-level hospitals (37.5%). The main reason for the choice was these hospitals’ close distance to the patients’ homes (47.3%). The factors for the choice of health care institutions were living in the eastern region (OR = 2.91), living in rural areas (OR = 2.10), silicosis diagnosis (OR = 2.44), employment in private enterprises (OR = 2.91), smoking (OR = 2.69), and quit smoking (OR = 3.98). The diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation therapy of pneumoconiosis should be enhanced in primary medical institutions.

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Mutual Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis in China (30 day view times: 14)

CHENG Jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Yan Lin, WANG Li Xia, CHEN Ming Ting

2017, 30(5): 384-389. doi: 10.3967/bes2017.051

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China has a double burden of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, and many studies have been carried out on the mutual impact of these two diseases. This paper systematically reviewed studies conducted in China covering the mutual impact of epidemics of diabetes and tuberculosis, the impact of diabetes on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and on the tuberculosis clinical manifestation and treatment outcome, the yields of bi-directional screening, and economic evaluation for tuberculosis screening among diabetes patients.

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Malnutrition Prevalence in Lasa Xizang Children and Adolescents (30 day view times: 14)

YIN Xiao Jian, JI Cheng Ye

2014, 27(8): 614-626. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.094

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Objective To assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Xizang (Tibet).
Methods We analyzed data from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 pertaining to Tibetan children and adolescents in Lase (Lhasa), aged 7-18 years old. Numbers of survey subjects for these years were:2 393, 2 754, 2 397, and 2 643, respectively.
Results Our results indicated that the rate of occurrence of stunting in Tibet has evidenced a gradual decline:for boys, from 26.8%in 2000 to 9.3%in 2010;and for girls, from 25.8%in 2000 to 10.8%in 2010. In general, the wasting rate for both boys and girls in Tibet has gradually decreased over time:for boys, from 17.7%in 1995 to 4.6%in 2005;and for girls from 12.5%in 1995 to 2.3%in 2005. The stunting rates of boys aged 7-13 years old and of girls aged 7-11 years old were 67.5%and 53.1%, respectively, while these rates for boys aged 14-18 years old and girls aged 12-18 years old were 32.5%and 46.9%, respectively.
Conclusion Stunting and wasting rates of Tibetan children and adolescents indicate a gradual declining trend over time. The stunting rates of both boys and girls during early puberty were significantly higher than those during late puberty.

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Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Genes of Aeromonas Isolates from Clinical Patients, Tap Water Systems, and Food (30 day view times: 13)

MENG Shuang, WANG Yong Lu, LIU Chen Geng, YANG Jing, YUAN Min, BAI Xiang Ning, JIN Dong, LIANG Jun Rong, CUI Zhi Gang, LI Juan

2020, 33(6): 385-395. doi: 10.3967/bes2020.053

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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas isolates from clinical patients, tap water systems, and food. Methods Ninety Aeromonas isolates were obtained from Ma’anshan, Anhui province, China, and subjected to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) with six housekeeping genes. Their taxonomy was investigated using concatenated gyrB-cpn60 sequences, while their resistance to 12 antibiotics was evaluated. Ten putative virulence factors and several resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. Results The 90 Aeromonas isolates were divided into 84 sequence types, 80 of which were novel, indicating high genetic diversity. The Aeromonas isolates were classified into eight different species. PCR assays identified virulence genes in the isolates, with the enterotoxin and hemolysin genes act, aerA, alt, and ast found in 47 (52.2%), 13 (14.4%), 22 (24.4%), and 12 (13.3%) of the isolates, respectively. The majority of the isolates (≥ 90%) were susceptible to aztreonam, imipenem, cefepime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. However, several resistance genes were detected in the isolates, as well as a new mcr-3 variant. Conclusions Sequence type, virulence properties, and antibiotic resistance vary in Aeromonas isolates from clinical patients, tap water systems, and food.

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Human Serum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect A549 from PM_2.5-induced Cell Apoptosis (30 day view times: 13)

ZHOU Qiu Lian, BAI Yu Zheng, GAO Juan, DUAN Yi, LYU Yi Cheng, GUAN Long Fei, ELKIN Kenneth, XIE Yu Ling, JIAO Zheng, WANG Hong Yun

2021, 34(1): 40-49. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.006

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Objective Epidemiological studies reveal that exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM_2.5) increases the morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that human circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) may offer protective effects against injury caused by particulate matter. Currently, however, whether EVs attenuate PM_2.5-induced A549 cell apoptosis is unknown. Methods EVs were isolated from the serum of healthy subjects, quantified via nanoparticle tracking analysis, and qualified by the marker protein CD63. PM_2.5-exposed (50 μg/mL) A549 cells were pre-treated with 10 μg/mL EVs for 24 h. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and AKT activation were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. A rescue experiment was also performed using MK2206, an AKT inhibitor. Results PM_2.5 exposure caused a 100% increase in cell apoptosis. EVs treatment reduced cell apoptosis by 10%, promoted cell survival, and inhibited the PM_2.5-induced upregulation of Bax/Bcl2 and cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 in PM_2.5-exposed A549 cells. Moreover, EVs treatment reversed PM_2.5-induced reductions in p-AKT^Thr308 and p-AKT^Ser473. AKT inhibition attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of EVs treatment on PM_2.5-exposed A549 cells. Conclusions EVs treatment promotes cell survival and attenuates PM_2.5-induced cell apoptosis via AKT phosphorylation. Human serum-derived EVs may be an efficacious novel therapeutic strategy in PM_2.5-induced lung injury.

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Association between Baseline SBP/DBP and All-Cause Mortality in Residents of Shanxi, China: A Population-based Cohort Study from 2002 to 2015 (30 day view times: 12)

WANG Zhuo Qun, ZHAI Yi, LI Man, YANG Xiu Feng, ZHANG Jian, REN Ze Ping, ZHANG Mei, SONG Peng Kun, ZHAO Yan Fang, MI Sheng Quan, ZHANG Lu, YANG Mao Xiang, ZHAO Wen Hua

2021, 34(1): 1-8. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.002

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Objective To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China. Methods The ‘2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey’ baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by the sex and age groups. Results The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP (χ²_trend = 270.537, P < 0.001) or DBP level (χ²_trend = 57.240, P < 0.001). After adjustment for the confounding factors, a significant association between mortality and high SBP (≥ 160 mmHg) and high DBP (≥ 100 mmHg), with adjusted HR ranging from 1.405- to 2.179-fold for SBP and 1.550- to 2.854-fold for DBP, was noted. Significant HRs for most DBP subgroups were found in > 60-year-old participants. Males with DBP ≥ 100 mmHg had a significantly higher mortality, with an HR (95% CI) of 2.715 (1.377–5.351). Conclusion Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.

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Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Mediates Antimony-induced Astrocyte Activation (30 day view times: 12)

ZHANG Tao, ZHENG Yu Dan, JIAO Man, ZHI Ye, XU Shen Ya, ZHU Piao Yu, ZHAO Xin Yuan, WU Qi Yun

2021, 34(1): 29-39. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.005

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Objective Antimony (Sb) has recently been identified as a novel nerve poison, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on antimony-induced astrocyte activation. Methods Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence, cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions separation were used to assess the distribution of p65. The expression of protein in brain tissue sections was detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of mRNAs were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Antimony exposure triggered astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of two critical protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating that antimony induced astrocyte activation in vivo and in vitro. Antimony exposure consistently upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, it induced the NF-κB signaling, indicated by increased p65 phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus. NF-κB inhibition effectively attenuated antimony-induced astrocyte activation. Furthermore, antimony phosphorylated TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), while TAK1 inhibition alleviated antimony-induced p65 phosphorylation and subsequent astrocyte activation. Conclusion Antimony activated astrocytes by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

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Impact of Absolute Humidity and Temperature on Eczema (30 day view times: 12)

MA Yue Ling, LI Sheng, LIU Jiang Tao, HE Xiao Tao, LI Lan Yu, NIU Jing Ping, LUO Bin, ZHANG Kai

2021, 34(1): 61-65. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.008

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Cover (30 day view times: 11)

2021, 34(1).

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