Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2023: An Updated Summary (30 day view times: 105)

National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

2024, 37(9): 949-992. doi: 10.3967/bes2024.162

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Since 1990, China has made considerable progress in resolving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents has exposed a massive proportion of the population to CVD risk factors, and this situation is further worsened due to the accelerated aging population in China. CVD remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese residents. In terms of the proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China, CVD has persistently ranked first. In 2021, CVD accounted for 48.98% and 47.35% of deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths can be attributed to CVD. To implement a national policy “focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention” and truly achieve a shift of CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across China to compile the “Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China” annually since 2005. The 2024 report is established based on representative, published, and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled clinical trials, large sample registry studies, and typical community prevention and treatment cases, along with data from some projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases. These firsthand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.

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Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitor Recaticimab on Hyperlipidemia and Plasma Glucose: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1b/2 Study (30 day view times: 29)

Ye Hu, Chen Chen, Xiaohui He, Shuyu Zhang, Xuhong Wang

2025, 38(10): 1246-1254. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.123

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Objective Recaticimab (SHR-1209) significantly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, its effect on glucose metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate its effect on glycemic parameters in a Chinese population. Methods Recaticimab versus placebo was administered in a 5:1 ratio to 110 hyperlipidemia patients who were followed up for 24 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline every 12 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were measured at baseline at week 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. Repeated-measures mixed-effects models were used to determine the longitudinal association between reacticimab and FPG and HbA1c levels. Results Among the 81 participants with normal glucose metabolism, HbA1c levels significantly decreased (F = 4.568, P = 0.036). In the 29 participants with abnormal glucose metabolism, a significant time effect was observed for FPG levels (F = 2.492, P = 0.016). For participants with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism, no significant group × time interaction effects on FPG or HbA1c levels were identified. Conclusion Recaticimab showed no adverse glycemic effects in participants with normal or abnormal glucose metabolism, indicating its safety in patients with or without diabetes.

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Association of Body Mass Index with All-Cause Mortality and Cause-Specific Mortality in Rural China: 10-Year Follow-up of a Population-Based Multicenter Prospective Study (30 day view times: 28)

Juanjuan Huang, Yuanzhi Di, Lingyu Shen, Jianguo Liang, Jiang Du, Xuefang Cao, Weitao Duan, Aiwei He, Jun Liang, Limei Zhu, Zisen Liu, Fang Liu, Shumin Yang, Zuhui Xu, Cheng Chen, Bin Zhang, Jiaoxia Yan, Yanchun Liang, Rong Liu, Tao Zhu, Hongzhi Li, Fei Shen, Boxuan Feng, Yijun He, Zihan Li, Yaqi Zhao, Tonglei Guo, Liqiong Bai, Wei Lu, Qi Jin, Lei Gao, Henan Xin

2025, 38(10): 1179-1193. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.128

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Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. Results Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52–0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37–0.70), respectively. Overweight (aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.86) and mild obesity (aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59–0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m² (aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.

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Interpretation of Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2024 (30 day view times: 27)

Mingbo Liu, Xinye He, Xiaohong Yang, Zengwu Wang

2025, 38(8): 893-917. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.099

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors are exerting an increasingly significant impact on public health, and the incidence rate of CVD continues to rise. This article provides an interpretation of essentials from the newly published Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China (2024), aiming to offer scientific evidence for CVD prevention, treatment, and the formulation of relevant policies.

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Overweight Modified the Associations between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Its Constituent and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Rural China (30 day view times: 25)

Donghui Yang, Yun Chen, Xia Meng, Xiaolian Dong, Haidong Kan, Chaowei Fu

2025, 38(11): 1359-1368. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.136

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Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to examine the modification roles of overweight status. Methods This prospective study included 27,507 adults living in rural China. The annual mean residential exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents was estimated using a satellite-based statistical model. Cox models were used to estimate the risk of T2DM associated with PM_2.5 and its constituents. Stratified analysis quantified the role of overweight status in the association between PM_2.5 constituents and T2DM. Results Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 3,001 new T2DM cases were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for a 10 μg/m³ increase in ambient PM_2.5 was 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17, 1.45). Among the constituents, the strongest association was observed with black carbon. Being overweight significantly modified the association between certain constituents and the risk of T2DM. Participants who were overweight and exposed to the highest quartile of PM_2.5 constituents had the highest risk of T2DM (HR: 2.46, 95% CI: 2.04, 2.97). Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM_2.5 was associated with an increased risk of T2DM, with black carbon potentially being the primary contributor. Being overweight appeared to enhance the association between PM_2.5 and T2DM. This suggests that controlling both PM_2.5 exposure and overweight status may reduce the burden of T2DM.

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022: an Updated Summary (30 day view times: 22)

The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

2023, 36(8): 669-701. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.106

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In the past 30 years, the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made remarkable progress in China, ranking the first among middle-income countries. Many cardiovascular technologies are at or near the world's leading level, and significant progress has been achieved in China solving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, due to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents, a huge population with CVD risk factors, accelerated population aging, and other reasons, the incidence and mortality rate of CVD are still increasing, and the turning point of the decline in disease burden has not appeared yet in China. In terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents, CVD still ranks the first. In 2020, CVD accounted for 48.00% and 45.86% of the causes of death in rural and urban areas, respectively; two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that the number of current CVD patients in China is around 330 million, including 13 million stroke, 11.39 million coronary heart disease, 8.9 million heart failure, 5 million pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million rheumatic heart disease, 2 million congenital heart disease, 45.3 million peripheral artery disease, and 245 million hypertension cases. China has entered a new stage of transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development, and the prevention and control of CVD in China should also shift from previous emphasis on scale growth to strategies focusing more on strategic and key technological development in order to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality rates of CVD.

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Progress on Wastewater-based Epidemiology in China: Implementation Challenges and Opportunities in Public Health (30 day view times: 20)

Qiuda Zheng, Xialu Lin, Yingsheng He, Zhe Wang, Peng Du, Xiqing Li, Yuan Ren, Degao Wang, Luhong Wen, Zeyang Zhao, Jianfa Gao, Phong K. Thai

2025, 38(11): 1354-1358. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.133

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Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a transformative surveillance tool for estimating substance consumption and monitoring disease prevalence, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It enables the population-level monitoring of illicit drug use, pathogen prevalence, and environmental pollutant exposure. In this perspective, we summarize the key challenges specific to the Chinese context: (1) Sampling inconsistencies, necessitating standardized 24-hour composite protocols with high-frequency autosamplers (≤ 15 min/event) to improve the representativeness of samples; (2) Biomarker validation, requiring rigorous assessment of excretion profiles and in-sewer stability; (3) Analytical method disparities, demanding inter-laboratory proficiency testing and the development of automated pretreatment instruments; (4) Catchment population dynamics, reducing estimation uncertainties through mobile phone data, flow-based models, or hydrochemical parameters; and (5) Ethical and data management concerns, including privacy risks for small communities, mitigated through data de-identification and tiered reporting platforms. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated framework that features adaptive sampling networks, multi-scale wastewater sample banks, biomarker databases with multidimensional metadata, and intelligent data dashboards. In summary, wastewater-based epidemiology offers unparalleled scalability for equitable health surveillance and can improve the health of the entire population by providing timely and objective information to guide the development of targeted policies.

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Effects of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation on Vitamin D Levels and Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (30 day view times: 19)

Xiujuan Zhang, Hongfei Wang, Xia Gao, Yang Zhao

2025, 38(6): 716-726. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.066

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Objective Epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D status affects glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, findings from intervention studies remain inconsistent. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of various vitamin D supplementation strategies on glucose indicators in adults with T2DM. Methods Eligible studies published before September 12, 2024, were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. A network meta-analysis of multiple dosage strategies—low (< 1,000 IU/day, LDS), medium (1,000–2,000 IU/day, MDS), high (2,000–4,000 IU/day, HDS), and extremely high (≥ 4,000 IU/day, EHDS)—was performed. Results The network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs indicated that, compared with placebo, vitamin D₃ supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)-D] levels, with pooled mean difference (MD) showing a stepwise increase from LDS to EHDS. Ranking probabilities showed a corresponding rise in 25-(OH)-D levels from LDS (46.7%) to EHDS (91.2%). EHDS reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) relative to no treatment. LDS significantly decreased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and vitamin D₂ significantly affected FBG levels. MDS led to a significant change in fasting insulin (FIN) compared to both placebo (MD: −4.76; 95% CI −8.91 to −0.61) and no treatment (MD: −7.30; 95% CI −14.44 to −0.17). Conclusion The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be a viable approach for improving glycemic control in adults with T2DM, with lower doses potentially offering benefit. The analysis also showed a dose-dependent increase in 25-(OH)-D levels.

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Benefits of Mindfulness Training on the Mental Health of Women During Pregnancy and Early Motherhood: A Randomized Controlled Trial (30 day view times: 18)

WANG Shu Lei, SUN Meng Yun, HUANG Xing, ZHANG Da Ming, YANG Li, XU Tao, PAN Xiao Ping, ZHENG Rui Min

2023, 36(4): 353-366. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.041

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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based psychosomatic intervention on depression, anxiety, fear of childbirth (FOC), and life satisfaction of pregnant women in China. Methods Women experiencing first-time pregnancy (n = 104) were randomly allocated to the intervention group or a parallel active control group. We collected data at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), 3 days after delivery (T2), and 42 days after delivery (T3). The participants completed questionnaires for the assessment of the levels of depression, anxiety, FOC, life satisfaction, and mindfulness. Differences between the two groups and changes within the same group were analyzed at four time points using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Compared with the active control group, the intervention group reported lower depression levels at T2 (P = 0.038) and T3 (P = 0.013); reduced anxiety at T1 (P = 0.001) and T2 (P = 0.003); reduced FOC at T1 (P < 0.001) and T2 (P = 0.04); increased life satisfaction at T1 (P < 0.001) and T3 (P = 0.015); and increased mindfulness at T1 (P = 0.01) and T2 (P = 0.006). Conclusion The mindfulness-based psychosomatic intervention effectively increased life satisfaction and reduced perinatal depression, anxiety, and FOC.

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Climate-Sensitive Infectious Diseases under Global Climate Change (30 day view times: 17)

Qiao Liu, Min Liu, Jue Liu

2025, 38(9): 1129-1141. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.077

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Climate and weather significantly influence the duration, timing, and intensity of disease outbreaks, reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases. Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms. Moreover, climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events, including floods and droughts, which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of water- and foodborne diseases. There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change. Furthermore, climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases. These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions, further amplifying disease transmission risks. Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways. Additionally, we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change, offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.

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Sandstorm-driven Particulate Matter Exposure and Elevated COPD Hospitalization Risk in Arid Regions of China: A Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Analysis (30 day view times: 15)

Hao Zhao, Ce Liu, Erkai Zhou, Baofeng Zhou, Sheng Li, Li He, Zhaoru Yang, Jiabei Jian, Huan Chen, Huanhuan Wei, Rongrong Cao, Bin Luo

2025, 38(11): 1404-1416. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.134

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Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health concern in northwest China; however, the impact of particulate matter (PM) exposure during sand-dust storms (SDS) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PM exposure on SDS days and COPD hospitalization risk in arid regions. Methods Data on daily COPD hospitalizations were collected from 323 hospitals from 2018 to 2022, along with the corresponding air pollutant and meteorological data for each city in Gansu Province. Employing a space-time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression, we analyzed 265,379 COPD hospitalizations. Results PM exposure during SDS days significantly increased COPD hospitalization risk [relative risk (RR) for PM_2.5, lag 3:1.028, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.021–1.034], particularly among men and the elderly, and during the cold season. The burden of PM exposure on COPD hospitalization was substantially high in Northwest China, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. Conclusion Our findings revealed a positive correlation between PM exposure during SDS episodes and elevated hospitalization rates for COPD in arid and semi-arid zones in China. This highlights the urgency of developing region-specific public health strategies to address adverse respiratory outcomes associated with SDS-related air quality deterioration.

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Dietary Guide for Hyperuricemia and Gout Patients (WS/T 560—2017) (30 day view times: 15)

2023, 36(9): 897-898. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.118

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Evidence on Invasion of Blood, Adipose Tissues, Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure: Nanoplastics versus Microplastics (30 day view times: 15)

YANG Zuo Sen, BAI Ying Long, JIN Cui Hong, NA Jun, ZHANG Rui, GAO Yuan, PAN Guo Wei, YAN Ling Jun, SUN Wei

2022, 35(11): 1025-1037. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.131

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Objective This study was designed to provide the evidences on the toxicokinetics of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the bodies of mammals. Methods 100 nm, 3 μm, and 10 μm fluorescent polystyrene (PS) beads were administered to mice once by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. The levels and change of fluorescence intensity in samples of blood, subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat, peritesticular fat, cerebrum, cerebellum, testis, and epididymis were measured at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after administration using an IVIS Spectrum small-animal imaging system. Histological examination, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron microscope were performed to corroborate the findings. Results After confirming fluorescent dye leaching and impact of pH value, increased levels of fluorescence intensity in blood, all adipose tissues examined, cerebrum, cerebellum, and testis were measured in the 100 nm group, but not in the 3 and 10 μm groups except in the cerebellum and testis at 4 h for the 3 μm PS beads. The presence of PS beads was further corroborated. Conclusion After a single oral exposure, NPs are absorbed rapidly in the blood, accumulate in adipose tissues, and penetrate the blood-brain/testis barriers. As expected, the toxicokinetics of MPs is significantly size-dependent in mammals.

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Associations of Exposure to Typical Environmental Organic Pollutants with Cardiopulmonary Health and the Mediating Role of Oxidative Stress: A Randomized Crossover Study (30 day view times: 14)

Ning Gao, Bin Wang, Ran Zhao, Han Zhang, Xiaoqian Jia, Tianxiang Wu, Mengyuan Ren, Lu Zhao, Jiazhang Shi, Jing Huang, Shaowei Wu, Guofeng Shen, Bo Pan, Mingliang Fang

2025, 38(11): 1388-1403. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.087

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Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. Methods A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens, and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators. Results Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PHE) (β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-PHE) (β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR) (β = 3.05% [95% CI: −4.66%, −1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE (β = 2.68% [95% CI: −4%, −1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE (β = 3% [95% CI: −4.68%, −1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function. Conclusion Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health. Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.

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Air Pollution and Cardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure: A Scoping Review (30 day view times: 14)

Gang Li, Yanhui Jia, Yunshang Cui, Shaowei Wu, Tongyu Ma, Yunxing Jiang, Hongbing Xu, Yuhui Zhang, Mary A Fox

2025, 38(11): 1430-1443. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.120

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Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure; however, its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear. This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiac biomarkers in heart failure, described the key concepts, synthesized data, and identified research gaps. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for studies on air pollution, heart failure, and biomarkers. A total of 765 records were screened, and 81 full texts were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 15 studies. The results showed that the exposure to particulate matter was associated with elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels. Several studies have linked particulate matter exposure to a higher cardiovascular risk and heart failure biomarkers. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were consistently elevated across studies, supporting the biological relevance of these associations. However, few studies have focused specifically on populations with heart failure or clinically relevant biomarkers, and the evidence for gaseous pollutants remains inconclusive. These findings highlight the need to integrate environmental risk assessment into heart failure care and inform policy efforts to reduce the pollution-related cardiovascular burden. Further research should address these gaps through improved exposure assessments and the integration of mechanistic evidence.

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Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Socio-economic Influencing Factors of Tuberculosis Incidence in Guangdong Province: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis (30 day view times: 14)

Huizhong Wu, Xing Li, Jiawen Wang, Ronghua Jian, Jianxiong Hu, Yijun Hu, Yiting Xu, Jianpeng Xiao, Aiqiong Jin, Liang Chen

2025, 38(7): 819-828. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.071

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Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019. Method Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model. Results Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk (RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86–0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.97), with a marginal effect of population density (RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86–1.00). Conclusion The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.

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Comparison of the Nerve Regeneration Capacity and Characteristics between Sciatic Nerve Crush and Transection Injury Models in Rats (30 day view times: 14)

WANG Bin Bin, GUO Chao, SUN Sheng Qiao, ZHANG Xing Nan, LI Zhen, LI Wei Jie, LI De Zhi, SCHUMACHER Michael, LIU Song

2023, 36(2): 160-173. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.001

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Objective To provide useful information for selecting the most appropriate peripheral nerve injury model for different research purposes in nerve injury and repair studies, and to compare nerve regeneration capacity and characteristics between them. Methods Sixty adult SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and underwent crush injury alone (group A, n = 30) or transection injury followed by surgical repair (group B, n = 30) of the right hind paw. Each group was subjected to the CatWalk test, gastrocnemius muscle evaluation, pain threshold measurement, electrophysiological examination, retrograde neuronal labeling, and quantification of nerve regeneration before and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Results Gait analysis showed that the recovery speed in group A was significantly faster than that in group B at 14 days. At 21 days, the compound muscle action potential of the gastrocnemius muscle in group A was significantly higher than that in group B, and the number of labeled motor neurons in group B was lower than that in group A. The number of new myelin sheaths and the g-ratio were higher in group A than in group B. There was a 7-day time difference in the regeneration rate between the two injury groups. Conclusion The regeneration of nerve fibers was rapid after crush nerve injury, whereas the transection injury was relatively slow, which provides some ideas for the selection of clinical research models.

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Molecular Characterization of New Recombinant Human Adenoviruses Detected in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing, China, 2022–2023 (30 day view times: 13)

Yinan Guo, Ri De, Fangming Wang, Zhenzhi Han, Liying Liu, Yu Sun, Yao Yao, Xiaolin Ma, Shuang Liu, Chunmei Zhu, Dong Qu, Linqing Zhao

2025, 38(9): 1071-1081. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.105

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Objective Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus (HAdV), particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Therefore, continual monitoring of these events is essential for effective viral surveillance and control. Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from children with ARIs between January 2022 and December 2023. The penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV-positive specimens and sequenced to determine the virus type. In cases with inconsistent typing results, genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector to detect recombination events. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed to characterize the recombinant HAdV genomes. Results Among 6,771 specimens, 277 (4.09%, 277/6,771) were positvie for HAdV, of which 157 (56.68%, 157/277) were successfully typed, with HAdV-B3 being the dominant type (91.08%, 143/157), and 14 (5.05%, 14/277) exhibited inconsistent typing results, six of which belonged to species B. The penton base genes of these six specimens were classified as HAdV-B7, whereas their hexon and fiber genes were classified as HAdV-B3, resulting in a recombinant genotype designated P7H3F3, which closely resembled HAdV-B114. Additionally, a partial gene encoding L1 52/55 kD was identified, which originated from HAdV-B16. Conclusion A novel recombinant, P7H3F3, was identified, containing sequences derived from HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7, which is similar to HAdV-B114, along with additional sequences from HAdV-B16.

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Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report in China: Two Decades of Progress (30 day view times: 13)

Shuyao Su, Fangchao Liu

2025, 38(8): 891-892. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.098

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Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine — a Propensity Score Matched Test Negative Design Case-Control Study Using Medical Big Data in Three Provinces of China (30 day view times: 13)

Yuexin Xiu, Lin Tang, Fuzhen Wang, Lei Wang, Zhen Li, Jun Liu, Dan Li, Xueyan Li, Yao Yi, Fan Zhang, Lei Yu, Jingfeng Wu, Zundong Yin

2025, 38(9): 1032-1043. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.056

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Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020–2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study. Methods Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases tested for rotavirus (RV) infection. RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age, visit month, and province. Results The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis; 7.98% (2,192) were RV-positive. The VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1–2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection (inpatient or outpatient) was 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (< 5 months since the 3rd dose) to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year since the 3rd dose). The three-dose VE rate was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE. Conclusion Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children aged < 5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE. Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age, but remained above 60% for at least one year. VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.

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