2023 Vol. 36, No. 11

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2023, 36(11)
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Contents
2023, 36(11): 1-2.
The Effect of Intense Pulsed Light Treatment for Chronic Hordeolum
YANG Ke, WEN Ya, ZHU Lei, BAO Jia Yu, LI Shang, WANG Ying Hui, FENG Jun, TIAN Lei, JIE Ying
2023, 36(11): 1005-1014. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.131
  Objective  To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of chronic hordeolum.  Methods  Patients with chronic hordeolum who underwent IPL treatment were enrolled in this study. According to the severity of hordeolum, the patients were treated with IPL 3 to 5 times. Patients' satisfaction and visual analog scale scores for ocular discomfort symptoms before and after treatment were collected. The number, congestion, long diameter, short diameter and area of nodules were also recorded and measured. Finally, eyelid margin signs, meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout, tear meniscus height, and corneal fluorescein staining were scored.  Results  20 patients were enrolled in this study. The eyelid margins were congestive and swollen, with blunt rounding or irregularity. The meibum was cloudy or toothpaste-like. The meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout and tear meniscus height were reduced. The cornea showed scattered fluorescein staining. After treatment, score of visual analog scale, congestion and size of nodules were significantly reduced. Eyelid margin signs, meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, tear meniscus height and corneal fluorescein staining scores were improved. Meibomian gland dropout had no significant change. No side effects occurred during treatment.  Conclusions  IPL is beneficial for the treatment of chronic hordeolum.
Carbon Chain Length Determines Inhibitory Potency of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acids on Human Placental 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1: Screening, Structure-Activity Relationship, and In Silico Analysis
TANG Lu Ming, MAO Bai Ping, ZHANG Bing Ru, LI Jing Jing, TANG Yun Bing, LI Hui Tao, GE Ren Shan
2023, 36(11): 1015-1027. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.132
  Objective  This study aimed to compare 9 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA) with carbon chain lengths (C4–C12) to inhibit human placental 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3β-HSD1), aromatase, and rat 3β-HSD4 activities.  Methods  Human and rat placental 3β-HSDs activities were determined by converting pregnenolone to progesterone and progesterone secretion in JEG-3 cells was determined using HPLC/MS–MS, and human aromatase activity was determined by radioimmunoassay.  Results  PFSA inhibited human 3β-HSD1 structure-dependently in the order: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, half-maximum inhibitory concentration, IC50: 9.03 ± 4.83 μmol/L) > perfluorodecanesulfonic acid (PFDS, 42.52 ± 8.99 μmol/L) > perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS, 112.6 ± 29.39 μmol/L) > perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) = perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPS) = perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) = perfluorododecanesulfonic acid (PFDoS) (ineffective at 100 μmol/L). 6:2FTS (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) and 8:2FTS (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecanesulfonic acid) did not inhibit human 3β-HSD1. PFOS and PFHpS are mixed inhibitors, whereas PFDS is a competitive inhibitor. Moreover, 1–10 μmol/L PFOS and PFDS significantly reduced progesterone biosynthesis in JEG-3 cells. Docking analysis revealed that PFSA binds to the steroid-binding site of human 3β-HSD1 in a carbon chain length-dependent manner. All 100 μmol/L PFSA solutions did not affect rat 3β-HSD4 and human placental aromatase activity.  Conclusion  Carbon chain length determines inhibitory potency of PFSA on human placental 3β-HSD1 in a V-shaped transition at PFOS (C8), with inhibitory potency of PFOS > PFDS > PFHpS > PFBS = PFPS = PFHxS = PFDoS = 6:2FTS = 8:2FTS.
DJ1 Ameliorates AD-like Pathology in the Hippocampus of APP/PS1 Mice
PENG Yang Yang, LI Meng Xin, LI Wen Jie, XUE Yuan, MIAO Yu Fan, WANG Yu Lin, FAN Xiao Chen, TANG Lu Lu, SONG Han Lu, ZHANG Qian, LI Xing
2023, 36(11): 1028-1044. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.133
  Objective  To explore whether the protein Deglycase protein 1 (DJ1) can ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice and its possible mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis of AD.  Methods  Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) of DJ1-overexpression or DJ1-knockdown were injected into the hippocampus of 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice to construct models of overexpression or knockdown. Mice were divided into the AD model control group (MC), AAV vector control group (NC), DJ1-overexpression group (DJ1+), and DJ1-knockdown group (DJ1). After 21 days, the Morris water maze test, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were used to evaluate the effects of DJ1 on mice.  Results  DJ1+ overexpression decreased the latency and increased the number of platform traversals in the water maze test. DJ1 cells were cured and atrophied, and the intercellular structure was relaxed; the number of age spots and the expression of AD-related proteins were significantly increased. DJ1+ increased the protein expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), light chain 3 (LC3), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), and B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), as well as the antioxidant levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), while decreasing the levels of Kelch-like hydrates-associated protein 1 (Keap1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p62/sequestosome1 (p62/SQSTM1), Caspase3, and malondialdehyde (MDA).  Conclusion  DJ1-overexpression can ameliorate learning, memory, and AD-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice, which may be related to the activation of the NRF2/HO-1 and AMPK/mTOR pathways by DJ1.
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones and Fructose consumption Coalesce to Perturb Metabolic Regulators AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 in Growing Rats
Ruchi Tripathi, Sanjay Kumar Banerjee, Jay Prakash Nirala, Rajani Mathur
2023, 36(11): 1045-1058. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.134
  Objective  In this study, the combined effect of two stressors, namely, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from mobile phones and fructose consumption, on hypothalamic and hepatic master metabolic regulators of the AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 pathway were elucidated to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance.  Methods  Weaned Wistar rats (28 days old) were divided into 4 groups: Normal, Exposure Only (ExpO), Fructose Only (FruO), and Exposure and Fructose (EF). Each group was provided standard laboratory chow ad libitum for 8 weeks. Additionally, the control groups, namely, the Normal and FruO groups, had unrestricted access to drinking water and fructose solution (15%), respectively. Furthermore, the respective treatment groups, namely, the ExpO and EF groups, received EMF exposure (1,760 MHz, 2 h/day x 8 weeks). In early adulthood, mitochondrial function, insulin receptor signaling, and oxidative stress signals in hypothalamic and hepatic tissues were assessed using western blotting and biochemical analysis.  Result  In the hypothalamic tissue of EF, SIRT1, FOXO 1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Complex III, UCP2, MnSOD, and catalase expressions and OXPHOS and GSH activities were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the Normal, ExpO, and FruO groups. In hepatic tissue of EF, the p-AMPKα, SIRT1, FOXO1, IRS1, p-PI3K, Complex I, II, III, IV, V, UCP2, and MnSOD expressions and the activity of OXPHOS, SOD, catalase, and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the Normal group (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The findings suggest that the combination of EMF exposure and fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence in Wistar rats disrupts the closely interlinked and multi-regulated crosstalk of insulin receptor signals, mitochondrial OXPHOS, and the antioxidant defense system in the hypothalamus and liver.
Socioeconomic Status Impacts the Prognosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treated by Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: An Observational Cohort Study in Northeast China
HAO Shuai, ZHANG Xue Yan, GAO Jiao, WANG Yan, YAN Ai Hui
2023, 36(11): 1059-1067. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.135
  Objective  To explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic sinusitis (CRS) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).   Methods  We conducted an observational cohort study of 1,047 patients with CRS undergoing ESS. Discharged patients were followed up to 72 weeks for all-cause recurrence events. Baseline SES was established based on occupation, education level, and family income of the patients 1 year before the operation. Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the recovery rate after ESS, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SES and prognosis.   Results  Patients of middle SES had lower unadjusted all-cause recurrence than those of low or high SES; 24-week overall recovery rate was 90.4% [95 % confidence interval (CI): 89.6%–91.2%] in patients of middle SES, 13.5% (95 % CI: 12.8%–14.2%) in patients of low SES, and 31.7% (95 % CI: 30.7%–32.7%) in patients of high SES (both log-rank P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, hazard ratios (HRs) were 7.69 (95 % CI: 6.17–9.71, Ptrend < 0.001) for all-cause recurrence for low SES versus middle SES, and 6.19 (95 % CI: 4.78–7.93, Ptrend < 0.001) for middle SES versus high SES.   Conclusion  Low SES and high SES were more associated with the worse prognosis of CRS patients after ESS than middle SES.
The Psychosomatic Traits of “People with the Five Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine”: A Qualitative Study
LI Jia Jia, YANG Xin Yu, ZHANG Hong Jun, YIN Dong Qing, ZHANG Jin Tao, CUI Jing Wen, HAN Jing Dong, MA Yan, JIA Hong Xiao
2023, 36(11): 1068-1078. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.136
  Objective  To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of “people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).”  Methods  Data collected from the literature review, two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in “people with the five elements in TCM” from October 2020 to December 2020, and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed. Triangulation was used in this study, and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data.  Results  A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study. The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years, respectively; 51.66% and 54.8% of experts and interviewees, respectively, were men. The descriptors of facial diagrams of “people with the five elements in TCM” were complexion, shape, distribution state of facial bones, convergence trend of facial muscles, and facial expression. A theoretical model of “people with the five elements in TCM” was shaped based on these findings.  Conclusion  The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state, identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM.
Effects of Differential First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Regimens on Mortality among HIV/AIDS Children in Southwest China: A 15-year Retrospective Cohort Study
CHEN Qiu Li, LIAO Yan Yan, QIN Shan Fang, LU Chun Yan, PAN Pei Jiang, WANG Hai Long, JIANG Jun Jun, ZHENG Zhi Gang, QIN Feng Xiang, HONG Wen, NING Chuan Yi, YE Li, LIANG Hao
2023, 36(11): 1079-1083. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.137
Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Analyze the Effect of Emergency Caesarean Section on Different Allergic Diseases and Related Blood Markers
LI Yu Jian, KAN Xuan
2023, 36(11): 1084-1089. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.138
The Value of Prealbumin and its Combination with NT-proBNP for Predicting in-hospital Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure: Real-World Research Based on Propensity Score Matching
LIU Bing, XIE Jia Yi
2023, 36(11): 1090-1094. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.139
Association between Temperature Changes and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in A High-latitude City in Northeast China
LI He Ping, MA Yu Xia, QIN Peng Peng, WANG Wan Ci, LIU Zong Rui, ZHAO Yu Han, YANG Li Jie
2023, 36(11): 1095-1099. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.140
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Factors in Beijing during November 2022: A Case Control Study
ZHANG Jiao Jiao, SHEN Ying, SUN Ying, LI Jia, MA Jia Xin, ZHANG Dai Tao, WANG Quan Yi, YANG Peng
2023, 36(11): 1100-1104. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.141
Decontamination Efficacy of Disinfection and Doffing of Medical Protective Clothing: A Combined Mannequin and Personnel Study
XIE Zhong Yi, LU Long Xi, LI Ye, FAN Ling Feng, YANG Fan Fan, LU Ye
2023, 36(11): 1105-1109. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.142
Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections Successfully Held in Beijing
2023, 36(11): 1110-1110. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.145
National Hypertension Day: Healthy Living, Ideal Blood Pressure
XU Yuan Yuan
2023, 36(11): 1111-1111. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.146
World Diabetes Day: Global Collaboration against Diabetes Challenges, Building a Health Defense Line
XU Yuan Yuan
2023, 36(11): 1112-1112. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.147