2014 Vol. 27, No. 7

Original Articles
Impact ofTemperature onMortality inThree Major Chinese Cities
ZHANG Jing, LI Tian Tian, TAN Jian Guo, HUANG Cun Rui, andKAN Hai Dong
2014, 27(7): 485-494. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.080
ObjectiveTo study therelationbetween temperature andmortalitybyestimatingthe temperature-related mortality in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. MethodsData of daily mortality, weather and air pollutioninthe three citieswere collected.A distributed lag nonlinear model wasestablishedand used in analyzing theeffects oftemperatureon mortality. Current and future net temperature-related mortality was estimated. ResultsThe association between temperature and mortality was J-shaped, withanincreased death riskof both hot and cold temperature in thesecities. The effects of cold temperatureonhealth lasted longer thanthoseof hot temperature.Theprojected temperature-related mortality increasedwith the decreasedcold-related mortality.Themortalitywas higher inGuangzhouthan inBeijing and Shanghai. ConclusionThe impact of temperatureonhealth varies inthe 3 cities of China, which may have implications for climate policy making in China.
Allergy-related Evidences in Relation to Serum IgE:Data from the China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, 2008-2013
SUN BaoQing, CHEN DeHui, ZHENG PeiYan, HUANG HuiMin, LUO WenTing, ZENG Guang Qiao, ZHANG XiaoWen
2014, 27(7): 495-505. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.081
ObjectiveTo investigate the serum total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) to common allergens among allergic patients in Guangzhou, China. Methods7 085 patients were examined for tIgE and sIgE to 15 allergens, based on the protocols of reversed enzyme allergosorbent test and the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results3 758(53.04%) patients tested positive for tIgE, and 4 640(65.49%) for sIgE.Der pteronyssinus,Der farinae, eggs, and cow’s milk were the most common allergens leading to higher positive rates of sIgE responses. Several peaks of sensitization were:Der pteronyssinus,Der farinae, and Blomia tropicalis at age 10-12; cow’s milk at age below 3; eggs at age 4-6. The mean level and positive rate of tIgE tended to increase in subjects sensitized to more allergens. Sensitization toDer pteronyssinus (OR, 1.6;P<0.05),Der farinae (OR, 1.5;P<0.05),Blomia tropicalis (OR, 1.4;P<0.05), Blattella germanica (OR, 1.5;P<0.05), cow’s milk (OR, 1.3;P<0.05), and soy beans (OR, 2.0;P<0.05) were independently correlated with allergy-related conditions in preliminary diagnosis. ConclusionThe major allergens in Guangzhou includeDer pteronyssinus, Der farinae, cow’s milk, and eggs. Sensitization to these allergens appears to be predictors of allergy-related disorder.
Induction of Apoptosis in Hormone-resistant Human Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by Inactivated Sendai Virus
GAO Hui, GONG Xiao Cheng, CHEN Ze Dong, XU Xiao Shuang, ZHANG Quan, XU Xiang Ming
2014, 27(7): 506-514. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.082
ObjectiveInactivated Sendai virus particle [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E)] has a potential oncolytic effect due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cellsmediated by HVJ-E has not been fully elucidated.This paper aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of apoptosis induction by HVJ-E in prostate cancer cells (PC3). MethodsPC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various MOI, and theninterferon-β (IFN-β) production, and the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by ELISA, MTT-based assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Next, the roles of Jak-Stat, MAPK and Akt pathways played in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells were analyzed by immunoblot assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E on PC3 cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected into prostate cancers on BALB/c-nude mice, and the tumor volume was monitored for 36 days. ResultsHVJ-E induced IFN-β production and activatedJak-Stat signaling pathway, which resulted in the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP in PC3 prostate cancer cells post HVJ-E treatment. Furthermore, we observed for the first time that p38 and Jnk MAPKs in PC3 cells contributed to HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. In addition,intratumoralHVJ-E treatmentdisplayed a directinhibitoryeffect in anin vivo BALB/cnude mouseprostate cancermodel. ConclusionOur findingshaveprovided novel insights into the underlying mechanismsby whichHVJ-E induces apoptosisin tumor cells.
Purification and Characterization of a Low-temperature Hydroxylamine Oxidase from Heterotrophic Nitrifier Acinetobacter sp. Y16
ZHANG Shu Mei, LI Wei Guang, ZHANG Duo Ying, HUANG Xiao Fei, QIN Wen, SHA Chang Qing
2014, 27(7): 515-522. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.004
ObjectiveTo purify a low-temperature hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) from aheterotrophicnitrifying bacteriumAcinetobactersp.Y16 and investigate the enzyme property. MethodsA HAO was purifiedby an anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography from strain Y16. The purity and molecular mass were determined by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The HAO activity was detected by monitoring the reduction of potassium ferricyanide using hydroxylamine as substrate and ferricyanide as electron acceptor. The partial amino acid sequence was determined bymass spectrometry. ResultsThe low-temperature HAO with a molecular mass of 61 kDa was purified from strain Y16 by an anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The enzyme exhibited an ability to oxidize hydroxylamine in wide temperature range (4-40 °C)in vitro using hydroxylamine as substrate and ferricyanide as electron acceptor. It was stable in the temperature range of 4 to 15 °C and pH range of 6.0 to 8.5 with less than 30% change in its activity. The optimal temperature and pH were 15°C and 7.5, respectively. Three peptides were determined by mass spectrometry which were shown to be not identical to other reported HAOs. ConclusionThis is the first study to purify a low-temperature HAO from aheterotrophicnitrifier Acinetobactersp. It differs from other reported HAOs in molecular mass andenzyme properties.The findings of the present study have suggested that the strain Y16 passes through a hydroxylamine-oxidizing process catalyzed by a low-temperature HAO for ammonium removal.
Experimental Study onMalignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial CellsInduced by Glycidyl Methacrylate and Analysis on its Methylation
WANG An Na, WANG Quan Kai, YANG Min, HU Jie, DONG Lin, andXU Jian Ning
2014, 27(7): 523-530. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.002
ObjectiveTo establish the model of human bronchial epithelial cells(16HBE) malignant transformation induced by glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)and define the different methylation genes at different stages. MethodsDNA was extracted at different 16HBE malignant phasesandchanges of genes DNA methylation atdifferent stages weredetectedusing Methylation chip of‘NimbleGen HG18 CpG Promoter Microarray Methylation’. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was usedto observe the methylation status ofsome genes, and then compared with the control groups. ResultsThe resultshowed that GMA induced 16HBE morphorlogical transformation at the dose of 8μg/mL, and cell exposed to GMA had 1374 genes in protophase, 825 genes inmetaphase, 1149 genes in anaphase, respectively; 30 genes are all methylation in the 3 stages; 318 genes in protophase but not inmetaphase and anaphase; 272 genes in metaphase but not inprotophase and anaphase; 683 genes in anaphase but not inmetaphase and protophase; 73 genes inprotophase andmetaphase but not in anaphase; 67 genes in protophase and anaphase but not inmetaphase; 59 genes inmetaphase and anaphase but not in protophase. ConclusionThe pattern of DNA methylation could change in the process of 16HBEinduced by GMA.
Application of Positron Emission TomographyintheDetection of Myocardial Metabolism inPigVentricularFibrillation and Asphyxiation Cardiac Arrest ModelsafterResuscitation
WUCaiJun, LIChunSheng, ZHANGYi, YANGJun
2014, 27(7): 531-536. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.083
ObjectiveTo study the application of positron emission tomography (PET) in detection of myocardial metabolism in pig ventricular fibrillation and asphyxiation cardiac arrest models after resuscitation. MethodsThirty-two healthyminiature pigs were randomized into aventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (VFCA) group (n=16) and an asphyxiation cardiac arrest (ACA)group (n=16). Cardiac arrest (CA) was induced byprogrammed electric stimulationorendotracheal tube clamping followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) anddefibrillation. At four hours and 24 h afterspontaneous circulation was achieved, myocardial metabolism was assessed by PET.18F-FDG myocardial uptake in PET was analyzed and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured. ResultsSpontaneous circulation was 100% and 62.5% in VFCA group and ACA group, respectively.PET demonstrated that the myocardial metabolism injuries was more severe and widespread after ACA than after VFCA. The SUVmax was higher in VFCA group than in ACA group (P<0.01).In VFCA group,SUVmaxat 24h after spontaneous circulation increased to the level of baseline. ConclusionACA causes more severe cardiac metabolism injuries than VFCA. Myocardial dysfunction is associated with less successful resuscitation. Myocardial stunning does occur with VFCA but not with ACA.
Policy Forum
Comprehensive Level One Trauma Center Could Lower In-hospital Mortality of Severe Trauma in China
CAI Bin, Burruss SIGRID, Britt REDICK, JIANG Hua, SUNMing Wei, YANG Hao, Charles Damien LU, Mitchell Jay COHEN, HenryCRYER, ZENG Jun
2014, 27(7): 537-543. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.084
Preventing Fatal Risk through Outpatient Medical Insurance:Evidence from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance System in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China
JING Ming Xia, LI Xiao Ju, JIAN Wei Yan
2014, 27(7): 544-551. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.068
Summary
Summary of Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 2012
WANG Wen, HU Sheng Shou, KONG Ling Zhi, GAO Run Lin, ZHU Man Lu, WANG Yong Jun, WU Zhao Su, CHEN Wei Wei, YANG Jin Gang, MA Li Yuan, andLIU Ming Bo, For the editorial board
2014, 27(7): 552-558. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.085
Methodology
Parsimonious Model for Blood Glucose Level Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes patients
ZHAOFang, MAYanFen, WENJingXiao, DUYan Fang, LIChunLin, andLIGuangWei
2014, 27(7): 559-563. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.086
Letters to the Editor
Dietary Sodium Intake and Its Impact Factors in Adults of Shandong Province
LI Jian Hong, XU Ai Qiang, LU Zi Long, YAN Liu Xia, GUO Xiao Lei, WANG Hui Cheng, MA Ji Xiang, ZHANG Ji Yu, DONG Jing, WANG Lin Hong
2014, 27(7): 564-566. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.087
A Retrospective Cohort Mortality Study in Jinchang, the Largest Nickel Production Enterprise in China
MA Li, BAI Ya Na, PU Hong Quan, HE Jie, Bryan A.Bassig, DAI Min, ZHANG Ya Wei, ZHENG Tong Zhang, CHENG Ning
2014, 27(7): 567-571. doi: 10.3967/bes2014.088