Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

1

Hormetic Effects of Yttrium on Male Sprague-Dawley Rats (30 day view times: 63)

ZHANG Wen Zhong, SUN Na Na, MA Shang Quan, ZHAO Zhen Chao, CAO Yu, ZHANG Chao

2018, 31(10): 777-780. doi: 10.3967/bes2018.104

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To evaluate hormesis induced by Yttrium (Y) nitrate in male rats, Y was offered to F0 mother rats and F1 offspring at concentrations of 0, 20, 80, and 320 ppm daily from gestational day (GD) 0 through postnatal day 70 (PND 70). The F1 offspring were evaluated with respect to motor function, learning and memory, and histopathology. Administration of Y improved motor function in a dose dependent manner. In the 20 ppm group, body weight and spatial learning and memory were increased, while the latter was decreased in the 320 ppm group. Additionally, in the 20 ppm and 80 ppm, but not the 320 ppm groups, Y reduced the anogenital distance, which indicated an anti-androgen effect. These results suggest that Y follows a hormetic concentration-related trend with an inverted U-shape.

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Estimation of Iron Physiological Requirement in Chinese Children using Single Stable Isotope Tracer Technique (30 day view times: 61)

ZHANG Yu, LIU Xiao Bing, REN Tong Xiang, CAI Jie, LU Jia Xi, NIU Ran, PIAO Jian Hua, YANG Li Chen, WANG Jun, YANG Xiao Guang

2022, 35(8): 681-687. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.090

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Objective This study is to obtain precise data on iron physiological requirements in Chinese children using single stable isotope tracer technique. Methods Thirty boys (10.6 ± 0.2 years) and 27 girls (10.4 ± 0.2 years) were received oral 6 mg ⁵⁷Fe each day for 5 consecutive days. Venous blood samples were subsequently drawn to examine the change of total iron concentration and ⁵⁷Fe abundance at day 0, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180, 360, 450, 540, 630, 720. The iron physiological requirement was calculated by iron loss combined with iron circulation rate once ⁵⁷Fe abundance stabilized in human body. Results The iron physiological requirement was significantly lower in boys than those values in girls (16.88 ± 7.12 vs. 18.40 ± 8.81 μg/kg per day, P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the values were calculated as 722.46 ± 8.43 μg/day for boys and 708.40 ± 7.55 μg/day for girls, respectively. Considering nearly 10% iron absorption rate, the estimated average iron physiological requirement was 6.0 mg/day in boys and 6.2 mg/day in girls. Conclusion This study indicate that iron physiological requirement could require more daily iron intake in girls as compare with the values in boys having the same body weight. These findings would be facilitate to the new revised dietary reference intakes.

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Optimization of Three-Dimensional Culture Conditions of HepG2 Cells with Response Surface Methodology Based on the VitroGel System (30 day view times: 59)

WANG Jing Bo, QIN Wen, YANG Zhuo, SHEN Shi, MA Yan, WANG Li Yuan, ZHUO Qin, GONG Zhao Long, HUO Jun Sheng, CHEN Chen

2022, 35(8): 688-698. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.091

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Objective This study optimizes three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions of HepG2 using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the VitroGel system to facilitate the cell model in vitro for liver tissues. Method HepG2 cell was 3D cultured on the VitroGel system. Cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay of HepG2 lived cell numbers. The proliferation of HepG2 cell and clustering performance was measured via fluorescence staining test. Albumin concentration in the culture medium supernatant as an index of HepG2 cell biological function was measured with ELISA kit. Independent factor tests were conducted with three key factors: inoculated cell concentration, cultured time, and dilution degree of the hydrogel. The preliminary results of independent factor tests were used to determine the levels of factors for RSM. Result The selected optimal culture conditions are as follows: concentration of inoculated cells was 4.44 × 10⁵/mL, culture time was 4.86 days, and hydrogel dilution degree was 1:2.23. The result shows that under optimal conditions, the predicted optical density (OD) value of cell viability was 3.10 and measured 2.978 with a relative error of 3.94%. Conclusion This study serves as a reference for the 3D HepG2 culture and constructs liver tissues in vitro. Additionally, it provides the foundation for repeated dose high-throughput toxicity studies and other scientific research work.

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Time Series and Spatial Epidemiological Analysis of the Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in China (30 day view times: 48)

FAN Li Jun, GAO Yun Yan, MENG Fan Gang, LIU Chang, LIU Lan Chun, DU Yang, LIU Li Xiang, LI Ming, SU Xiao Hui, LIU Shou Jun, LIU Peng

2022, 35(8): 735-745. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.095

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Objective To recognize the spatial and temporal characteristics of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), China national IDD surveillance data for the years of 1995–2018 were analyzed. Methods Time series analysis was used to describe and predict the IDD related indicators, and spatial analysis was used to analyze the spatial distribution of salt iodine levels. Results In China, the median urinary iodine concentration increased in 1995–1997, then decreased to adequate levels, and are expected to remain appropriate in 2019–2022. The goiter rate continually decreased and is expected to be maintained at a low level. Since 2002, the coverage rates of iodized salt and the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt (the percentage of qualified iodized salt in all tested salt) increased and began to decline in 2012; they are expected to continue to decrease. Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a positive spatial correlation in 2016–2018 and revealed feature regarding the spatial distribution of salt related indicators in coastal areas and areas near iodine-excess areas. Conclusions Iodine nutrition in China showed gradual improvements. However, a recent decline has been observed in some areas following changes in the iodized salt supply in China. In the future, more regulations regarding salt management should be issued to strengthen IDD control and prevention measures, and avoid the recurrence of IDD.

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021: An Updated Summary (30 day view times: 48)

The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

2022, 35(7): 573-603. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.079

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In 2019, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China. The number of patients suffering from stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million, 11.39 million, 8.90 million, 5.00 million, 4.87 million, 2.50 million, 2.00 million, 45.30 million, and 245.00 million, respectively. Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors, the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase, which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China. It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention, increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care, and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence, re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors. The number of people suffering from hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions. Since blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously, vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population. Hence, more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention, treatment, and research of early pathological changes.

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Mediation Effects of Placental Inflammatory Transcriptional Biomarkers on the Sex-Dependent Associations between Maternal Phthalate Exposure and Infant Allergic Rhinitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study (30 day view times: 46)

WANG Jian Qing, LI Zhi Juan, GAO Hui, SHENG Jie, LIANG Chun Mei, HU Ya Bin, XIA Xun, HUANG Kun, WANG Su Fang, ZHU Peng, HAO Jia Hu, TAO Fang Biao

2022, 35(8): 711-721. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.093

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Objective Prenatal phthalate exposure has been associated with placental inflammatory factors and infant allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the results are inconclusive. We designed a population-based cohort study to examine the effects of placental inflammatory biomarkers on the sex-dependent associations between maternal phthalate exposure and infant AR. Methods A total of 2,348 pregnant women from Ma’anshan, Anhui Province, China, who were screened before antenatal visits and met the inclusion criteria, were included in the present study. We assessed AR in their offspring aged 36 months with a questionnaire. Quantitative PCR was performed to measure placental inflammatory factor mRNAs. The independent samples t-test and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the associations between infant AR and maternal phthalates. Results Childhood AR may be related to education and family monthly income (P = 0.01). The phthalate metabolites, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyl) phthalate (MEHHP), in pregnant women were associated with a significantly increased risk for infant AR in males [P < 0.05; odds ratio (OR): 1.285; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.037−1.591, and OR: 1.232, 95% CI: 1.008−1.507, respectively], but not females. Additionally, irritably-increased expression levels of HO-1 and IL-4 were associated with AR in male infants (OR: 1.175; 95% CI: 1.038−1.329 and OR: 1.181; 95% CI: 1.056−1.322, respectively). The association between maternal urinary MEHHP and placental HO-1 was marginally significant according to mediation analysis. Conclusion The associations of maternal MEHHP and MEOHP levels with fetal AR in males were significant. Placental HO-1 was a fractional mediator in the associations between MEHHP and AR. Thus, the placenta should be further investigated as a potential mediator of maternal exposure-induced disease risk in children.

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Bone Injury and Fracture Healing Biology (30 day view times: 46)

Ahmad Oryan, Somayeh Monazzah, Amin Bigham-Sadegh

2015, 28(1): 57-71. doi: 10.3967/bes2015.006

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Cover (30 day view times: 46)

2022, 35(8).

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A Reverse-Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of the Wuxiang Virus (30 day view times: 45)

YAO Xiao Hui, HU Dan He, FU Shi Hong, LI Fan, HE Ying, YIN Jia Yu, YIN Qi Kai, XU Song Tao, LIANG Guo Dong, LI Xiang Dong, NIE Kai, WANG Huan Yu

2022, 35(8): 746-749. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.096

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The Immune Responses Induced by Licensed Flavivirus Vaccines against Zika Virus (30 day view times: 42)

WANG Ling, LIU Jing Jing, FANG En Yue, LI Ming, LIU Ming Lei, LI Yu Hua

2022, 35(8): 750-754. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.097

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Childhood Adversity Phenotypes and Risky Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents: Extending the Concept of Adversity (30 day view times: 40)

WANG Geng Fu, YUAN Meng Yuan, CHANG Jun Jie, LI Yong Han, SU Pu Yu

2022, 35(8): 699-710. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.092

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Objective To present an approach to phenotyping ACEs and explore the association between ACEs and adolescent health risky behaviors based on the social context of China. Methods Totally, 5,726 adolescents aged 12–18 years were investigated about their ACEs in the family, peer, school, and personal domains and the occurrence of six types of risky health behaviors (i.e., smoking, drinking, sexual intercourse, self-harm, and suicidal ideation and attempts). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to explore the ACE patterns. Results Six latent classes of ACEs were identified, including low adversity, school adversity, school adversity and peer victimization, peer victimization, maltreatment and peer victimization, and high adversity, and associated with risky health behaviors in adolescents. Being physically punished by a teacher, experiencing sexual abuse, and experiencing family trauma most strongly differentiated from the six ACE classes and were correlated with an increased risk for risky adolescent health behaviors. Conclusion This study supports a positive association between ACEs and risky adolescent health behaviors. Peer victimization, school adversity and associated contexts need to be considered in future ACE studies.

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Genomic Characterization of a Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Isolated from a Human Patient (30 day view times: 39)

GUO Geng Lin, GAO Hua Sheng, WANG Zhuo Hao, TAN Zhong Ming, HAN Ming Xiao, CHEN Qi, DU Hong, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Hai Fang

2022, 35(8): 760-763. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.099

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Clinical Significance and Function of MALAT1 Gene Expression and the rs619586 Polymorphism in Colorectal Cancer (30 day view times: 39)

GAO Xue Ren, WANG Xin Yu, LI Xian Yang, SUN Yu Qi, ZHANG Shu Long

2022, 35(8): 768-771. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.101

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Contents (30 day view times: 39)

2022, 35(8): 1-2.

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Association between 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and the Risk of COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study (30 day view times: 38)

LIU Di, TIAN Qiu Yue, ZHANG Jie, HOU Hai Feng, LI Yuan, WANG Wei, MENG Qun, WANG You Xin

2021, 34(9): 750-754. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.104

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Evaluation of Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography for the Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis Caused by Smooth Brucella (30 day view times: 36)

DONG Shuai Bing, TA Na, WANG Li Ping, FAN Meng Guang, LI Yue Xi, ZHANG Cui Hong, ZHANG Li Jie, WANG Zi Jun, JIANG Hai

2022, 35(8): 764-767. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.100

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Global Profiles of Acetylated Proteins in Brains of Scrapie Agents 139A- and ME7-Infected Mice Collected at Mid-Early, Mid-Late, and Terminal Stages (30 day view times: 34)

SHI Qi, CHEN Dong Dong, ADALATI Maimaitiming, XIAO Kang, GAO Li Ping, YANG Xue Hua, WU Yue Zhang, CHEN Cao, DONG Xiao Ping

2022, 35(8): 722-734. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.094

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Objective To describe the global profiles of acetylated proteins in the brains of scrapie agents 139A- and ME7-infected mice collected at mid-early, mid-late, and terminal stages. Methods The acetylated proteins from the cortex regions of scrapie agent (139A- and ME7)-infected mice collected at mid-early (80 days postinfection, dpi), mid-late (120 dpi), and terminal (180 dpi) stages were extracted, and the global profiles of brain acetylated proteins were assayed with proteomic mass spectrometry. The proteins in the infected mice showing 1.5-fold higher or lower levels than that of age-matched normal controls were considered as differentially expressed acetylated peptides (DEAPs). Results A total of 118, 42, and 51 DEAPs were found in the brains of 139A-80, 139A-120, and 139A-180 dpi mice, respectively. Meanwhile, 390, 227, and 75 DEAPs were detected in the brains of ME7-80, ME7-120, and ME7-180 dpi mice, respectively. The overwhelming majority of DEAPs in the mid-early stage were down-regulated, and more portions of DEAPs in the mid-late and late stages were up-regulated. Approximately 22.1% (328/1,485) of acetylated peptides mapped to 74 different proteins were mitochondrial associated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified 39 (80 dpi), 13 (120 dpi), and 10 (180 dpi) significantly changed pathways in 139A-infected mice. Meanwhile, 55, 25, and 18 significantly changed pathways were observed in the 80, 120, and 180 dpi samples of 139A- and ME7-infected mice (P < 0.05), respectively. Six pathways were commonly involved in all tested samples. Moreover, many steps in the citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) were affected, represented by down-regulated acetylation for relevant enzymes in the mid-early stage and up-regulated acetylation in the mid-late and late stages. Conclusion Our data here illustrated the changes in the global profiles for brain acetylated proteins during prion infection, showing remarkably inhibited acetylation in the early stage and relatively enhanced acetylation in the late stage.

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Seroprevalence of Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) Infection among Outpatients in a Clinic in Rembau, Malaysia (30 day view times: 30)

LEONG Wai Jing, VOON Kenny, WONG Siew Tung, TENG Cheong Lieng, LEONG Pooi Pooi, WANG Linfa

2022, 35(8): 755-759. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.098

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Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases Caused by Specific Etiologies in China, 1990−2016: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (30 day view times: 30)

LI Man, WANG Zhuo Qun, ZHANG Lu, ZHENG Hao, LIU Dian Wu, ZHOU Mai Geng

2020, 33(1): 1-10. doi: 10.3967/bes2020.001

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Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) were used. We evaluated the burden by analyzing age-sex-province-specific prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of 33 provinces in China. Results From 1990 to 2016, prevalence cases in thousands increased by 73.7% from 6833.3 (95% UI: 6498.0–7180.6) to 11869.6 (95% UI: 11274.6–12504.7). Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates per 100,000 decreased by 51.2% and 53.3%, respectively. Male and elderly people (aged ≥ 60 years) preponderance were found for prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. The number of prevalence cases, deaths, and DALYs due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) increased by 86.6%, 8.7%, and 0.9%, respectively. Also, age-standardized prevalence rates decreased in 31 provinces, but increased in Yunnan and Shandong. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) values were negatively correlated with age-standardized mortality and DALY rates by provinces in 2016; the correlation coefficients were −0.817 and −0.828, respectively. Conclusion Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases remain a huge health burden in China, with the increase of population and the aging of population. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the leading cause of the health burden in China.

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Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Clinical Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases (30 day view times: 25)

ZHANG Lu Lu, ZHANG Chi, PENG Jun Ping

2022, 35(5): 381-392. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.054

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Abstract: Infectious diseases are an enormous public health burden and a growing threat to human health worldwide. Emerging or classic recurrent pathogens, or pathogens with resistant traits, challenge our ability to diagnose and control infectious diseases. Nanopore sequencing technology has the potential to enhance our ability to diagnose, interrogate, and track infectious diseases due to the unrestricted read length and system portability. This review focuses on the application of nanopore sequencing technology in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases and includes the following: (i) a brief introduction to nanopore sequencing technology and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing platforms; (ii) strategies for nanopore-based sequencing technologies; and (iii) applications of nanopore sequencing technology in monitoring emerging pathogenic microorganisms, molecular detection of clinically relevant drug-resistance genes, and characterization of disease-related microbial communities. Finally, we discuss the current challenges, potential opportunities, and future outlook for applying nanopore sequencing technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

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