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1
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2023: An Updated Summary
(30 day view times: 34)
2024, 37(9): 949-992.
doi: 10.3967/bes2024.162
Since 1990, China has made considerable progress in resolving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents has exposed a massive proportion of the population to CVD risk factors, and this situation is further worsened due to the accelerated aging population in China. CVD remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese residents. In terms of the proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China, CVD has persistently ranked first. In 2021, CVD accounted for 48.98% and 47.35% of deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths can be attributed to CVD. To implement a national policy “focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention” and truly achieve a shift of CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across China to compile the “Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China” annually since 2005. The 2024 report is established based on representative, published, and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled clinical trials, large sample registry studies, and typical community prevention and treatment cases, along with data from some projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases. These firsthand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.
2
Trends in Antibiotic Consumption and Antimicrobial Resistance in China: An Ecological Analysis from 2016 to 2022
(30 day view times: 34)
2026, 39(2): 158-170.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.169
3
Interpretation of Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2024
(30 day view times: 33)
2025, 38(8): 893-917.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.099
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors are exerting an increasingly significant impact on public health, and the incidence rate of CVD continues to rise. This article provides an interpretation of essentials from the newly published Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China (2024), aiming to offer scientific evidence for CVD prevention, treatment, and the formulation of relevant policies.
4
Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report in China: Two Decades of Progress
(30 day view times: 31)
2025, 38(8): 891-892.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.098
5
Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Adolescents and Young Adults in China
(30 day view times: 22)
2026, 39(2): 131-145.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.159
6
Cardiac Organoids: Emerging Tools for Investigating Environmental Roles in Cardiomyopathy Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Development
(30 day view times: 21)
2026, 39(1): 82-104.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.104
Human cardiac organoids have revolutionized the study of cardiac development, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative therapies. This review systematically discusses strategies and progress in the construction of cardiac organoids, categorizing them into three main types: cardiac spheroids, self-organizing/assembloid organoids, and organoid-on-a-chip systems. This review uniquely integrates the advances in vascularization, organ-on-chip design, and environmental cardiotoxicity modeling within cardiac organoid platforms, offering a critical synthesis that is absent in the literature. In the context of escalating environmental threats to cardiovascular health, there is an urgent need for physiologically relevant models to accurately identify cardiac toxicants and elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action. This review highlights advances in cardiac organoid applications for disease modeling—including congenital heart defects and acquired cardiovascular diseases—drug development, toxicity screening, and the study of environmentally induced cardiovascular pathogenesis. In addition, it critically examines ongoing challenges and underscores opportunities brought by bioengineering approaches. Finally, we propose future directions for developing standardized cardiac organoid platforms with clinical predictability, aiming to expand the utility of this technology across broader research applications.
7
Spatiotemporal Variability of Influencing Factors on Tuberculosis Incidence in Jiangsu Province, China during 2011−2021
(30 day view times: 20)
2026, 39(2): 234-238.
doi: 10.3967/bes2026.006
8
High-throughput Sequencing for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Resistance Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
(30 day view times: 19)
2026, 39(2): 223-233.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.164
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant threat to global public health, necessitating rapid and precise diagnostic methods and comprehensive detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to facilitate timely clinical management. Traditional diagnostic techniques suffer from extended turnaround times and limited ability to comprehensively profile AMR, often resulting in delayed therapeutic interventions. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have revolutionized pathogen research by significantly improving diagnostic speed and accuracy. In the context of TB, diverse sequencing strategies and platforms are being employed to fulfill specific research goals, ranging from elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying AMR to characterizing the genomic diversity among clinical isolates. This review systematically examines current progress in the application of HTS for rapid pathogen identification, comprehensive AMR profiling, epidemiological studies, advances in novel drugs, and vaccine development. Furthermore, we address existing technological limitations and bioinformatics challenges and explore the future directions necessary for effectively integrating HTS-based methodologies into global TB control efforts.
9
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022: an Updated Summary
(30 day view times: 14)
2023, 36(8): 669-701.
doi: 10.3967/bes2023.106
In the past 30 years, the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made remarkable progress in China, ranking the first among middle-income countries. Many cardiovascular technologies are at or near the world's leading level, and significant progress has been achieved in China solving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, due to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents, a huge population with CVD risk factors, accelerated population aging, and other reasons, the incidence and mortality rate of CVD are still increasing, and the turning point of the decline in disease burden has not appeared yet in China. In terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents, CVD still ranks the first. In 2020, CVD accounted for 48.00% and 45.86% of the causes of death in rural and urban areas, respectively; two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that the number of current CVD patients in China is around 330 million, including 13 million stroke, 11.39 million coronary heart disease, 8.9 million heart failure, 5 million pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million rheumatic heart disease, 2 million congenital heart disease, 45.3 million peripheral artery disease, and 245 million hypertension cases. China has entered a new stage of transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development, and the prevention and control of CVD in China should also shift from previous emphasis on scale growth to strategies focusing more on strategic and key technological development in order to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality rates of CVD.
10
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity
(30 day view times: 14)
2025, 38(8): 988-1000.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.096
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of death globally. HCM can precipitate heart failure (HF) by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch, thereby impairing its pumping efficiency. Moreover, HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke. Given these significant clinical ramifications, research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels. In this review, we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis, drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms, while highlighting the limitations of current research. Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.
11
Airflow Obstruction in Post-tuberculosis Lung Disease: A 5-year Prospective Cohort Study
(30 day view times: 14)
2026, 39(2): 146-157.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.121
12
Climate-Sensitive Infectious Diseases under Global Climate Change
(30 day view times: 14)
2025, 38(9): 1129-1141.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.077
Climate and weather significantly influence the duration, timing, and intensity of disease outbreaks, reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases. Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms. Moreover, climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events, including floods and droughts, which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of water- and foodborne diseases. There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change. Furthermore, climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases. These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions, further amplifying disease transmission risks. Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways. Additionally, we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change, offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.
13
Chinese Expert Consensus on the Application of Metagenomic Sequencing Technology in Ocular Infectious Diseases: A Delphi Method
(30 day view times: 14)
2025, 38(12): 1550-1557.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.156
14
Decoding Links between Gut Microbiota and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease: Meta-analysis and Mediation Study Uncover Species-specific Taxa and a Novel Bile Acid Mediator
(30 day view times: 13)
2026, 39(2): 202-214.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.162
15
Extending Healthy Life Expectancy: The Promise of Addressing Preventable Chronic Disease through Healthy Lifestyle Intervention
(30 day view times: 12)
2026, 39(2): 129-130.
doi: 10.3967/bes2026.010
16
Serum Trace Elements and Their Associations with Disease Progression and Survival in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from a Chinese Cohort
(30 day view times: 12)
2026, 39(2): 183-191.
doi: 10.3967/bes2025.094
17
Impact of Endometrial Polyps on Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Endometriosis and Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(30 day view times: 12)
2025, 38(3): 341-350.
doi: 10.3967/bes2024.175
18
Protein Requirements in Healthy Adults:A Meta-analysis of Nitrogen Balance Studies
(30 day view times: 11)
2014, 27(8): 606-613.
doi: 10.3967/bes2014.093
Objective The goal of this study was to analyze protein requirements in healthy adults through a meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies.
Methods A comprehensive search for nitrogen balance studies of healthy adults published up to October 2012 was performed, each study were reviewed, and data were abstracted. The studies were first evaluated for heterogeneity. The average protein requirements were analyzed by using the individual data of each included studies. Study site climate, age, sex, and dietary protein source were compared.
Results Data for 348 subjects were gathered from 28 nitrogen balance studies. The natural logarithm of requirement for 348 individuals had a normal distribution with a mean of 4.66. The estimated average requirement was the exponentiation of the mean of the log requirement, 105.64 mg N/kg·d. No significant differences between adult age, source of dietary protein were observed. But there was significant difference between sex and the climate of the study site (P<0.05).
Conclusion The estimated average requirement and recommended nutrient intake of the healthy adult population was 105.64 mg N/kg·d (0.66 g high quality protein/kg·d) and 132.05 mg N/kg·d (0.83 g high quality protein/kg·d), respectively.
Methods A comprehensive search for nitrogen balance studies of healthy adults published up to October 2012 was performed, each study were reviewed, and data were abstracted. The studies were first evaluated for heterogeneity. The average protein requirements were analyzed by using the individual data of each included studies. Study site climate, age, sex, and dietary protein source were compared.
Results Data for 348 subjects were gathered from 28 nitrogen balance studies. The natural logarithm of requirement for 348 individuals had a normal distribution with a mean of 4.66. The estimated average requirement was the exponentiation of the mean of the log requirement, 105.64 mg N/kg·d. No significant differences between adult age, source of dietary protein were observed. But there was significant difference between sex and the climate of the study site (P<0.05).
Conclusion The estimated average requirement and recommended nutrient intake of the healthy adult population was 105.64 mg N/kg·d (0.66 g high quality protein/kg·d) and 132.05 mg N/kg·d (0.83 g high quality protein/kg·d), respectively.
19
TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus
(30 day view times: 11)
2018, 31(3): 208-214.
doi: 10.3967/bes2018.026
20
Bone Injury and Fracture Healing Biology
(30 day view times: 11)
2015, 28(1): 57-71.
doi: 10.3967/bes2015.006
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