Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2023: An Updated Summary (30 day view times: 60)

National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

2024, 37(9): 949-992. doi: 10.3967/bes2024.162

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Since 1990, China has made considerable progress in resolving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents has exposed a massive proportion of the population to CVD risk factors, and this situation is further worsened due to the accelerated aging population in China. CVD remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese residents. In terms of the proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China, CVD has persistently ranked first. In 2021, CVD accounted for 48.98% and 47.35% of deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths can be attributed to CVD. To implement a national policy “focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention” and truly achieve a shift of CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across China to compile the “Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China” annually since 2005. The 2024 report is established based on representative, published, and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled clinical trials, large sample registry studies, and typical community prevention and treatment cases, along with data from some projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases. These firsthand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.

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Interpretation of Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2024 (30 day view times: 51)

Mingbo Liu, Xinye He, Xiaohong Yang, Zengwu Wang

2025, 38(8): 893-917. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.099

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors are exerting an increasingly significant impact on public health, and the incidence rate of CVD continues to rise. This article provides an interpretation of essentials from the newly published Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China (2024), aiming to offer scientific evidence for CVD prevention, treatment, and the formulation of relevant policies.

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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (30 day view times: 38)

Baoxi Wang, Yueting Zhou, Yipin Zhao, Yong Cheng, Jun Ren, Guanchang Tan, Xiaohu Wang

2025, 38(8): 988-1000. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.096

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of death globally. HCM can precipitate heart failure (HF) by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch, thereby impairing its pumping efficiency. Moreover, HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke. Given these significant clinical ramifications, research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels. In this review, we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis, drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms, while highlighting the limitations of current research. Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.

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Serum Lipidomics Profiling to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study in Chinese Adults (30 day view times: 24)

Jijun Shi, Zujiao Nie, Shuyao Wang, Hao Zhang, Xinwei Li, Jialing Yao, Yibing Jin, Xiangdong Yang, Xueyang Zhang, Mingzhi Zhang, Hao Peng

2025, 38(8): 918-925. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.095

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Objective Lipid oxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and may be contribute to the development of Ischemic stroke (IS). However, the lipid profiles associated with IS have been poorly studied. We conducted a pilot study to identify potential IS-related lipid molecules and pathways using lipidomic profiling. Methods Serum lipidomic profiling was performed using LC-MS in 20 patients with IS and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were simultaneously performed to identify the differential lipids. Multiple testing was controlled for using a false discovery rate (FDR) approach. Enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst software. Results Based on the 294 lipids assayed, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were used to distinguish patients with IS from healthy controls. Fifty-six differential lipids were identified with an FDR-adjusted P less than 0.05 and variable influences in projection (VIP) greater than 1.0. These lipids were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism (FDR-adjusted P = 0.009, impact score = 0.216). Conclusions Serum lipid profiles differed significantly between patients with IS and healthy controls. Thus, glycerophospholipid metabolism may be involved in the development of IS. These results provide initial evidence that lipid molecules and their related metabolites may serve as new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IS.

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The Association between GLP-1 Receptor-Based Agonists and the Incidence of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Obesity: A Meta-Analysis (30 day view times: 22)

Mengqing Zhang, Chu Lin, Xiaoling Cai, Ruoyang Jiao, Shuzhen Bai, Zonglin Li, Suiyuan Hu, Fang Lyu, Wenjia Yang, Linong Ji

2024, 37(6): 607-616. doi: 10.3967/bes2024.067

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Objective Recent studies have indicated potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on asthma, which is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between the administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with T2DM and/or obesity. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists (GLP-1RA, GLP-1 based dual and triple receptor agonist) with reports of asthma events were included. Outcomes were computed as risk ratios (RR) using a fixed-effects model. Results Overall, 39 RCTs with a total of 85,755 participants were included. Compared to non-GLP-1 receptor-based agonist users, a trend of reduced risk of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments, although the difference was not statistically significant [RR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68 to 1.24]. Further Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of light-molecular-weight GLP-1RAs might be associated with a reduced the risk of asthma when compared with non-users (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.99, P = 0.043). We also performed sensitivity analyses for participant characteristics, study design, drug structure, duration of action, and drug subtypes. However, no significant associations were observed. Conclusion Compared with non-users, a modest reduction in the incidence of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments. Further investigations are warranted to assess the association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the risk of asthma.

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Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report in China: Two Decades of Progress (30 day view times: 19)

Shuyao Su, Fangchao Liu

2025, 38(8): 891-892. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.098

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Effects of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation on Vitamin D Levels and Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (30 day view times: 18)

Xiujuan Zhang, Hongfei Wang, Xia Gao, Yang Zhao

2025, 38(6): 716-726. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.066

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Objective Epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D status affects glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, findings from intervention studies remain inconsistent. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of various vitamin D supplementation strategies on glucose indicators in adults with T2DM. Methods Eligible studies published before September 12, 2024, were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. A network meta-analysis of multiple dosage strategies—low (< 1,000 IU/day, LDS), medium (1,000–2,000 IU/day, MDS), high (2,000–4,000 IU/day, HDS), and extremely high (≥ 4,000 IU/day, EHDS)—was performed. Results The network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs indicated that, compared with placebo, vitamin D₃ supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)-D] levels, with pooled mean difference (MD) showing a stepwise increase from LDS to EHDS. Ranking probabilities showed a corresponding rise in 25-(OH)-D levels from LDS (46.7%) to EHDS (91.2%). EHDS reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) relative to no treatment. LDS significantly decreased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and vitamin D₂ significantly affected FBG levels. MDS led to a significant change in fasting insulin (FIN) compared to both placebo (MD: −4.76; 95% CI −8.91 to −0.61) and no treatment (MD: −7.30; 95% CI −14.44 to −0.17). Conclusion The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be a viable approach for improving glycemic control in adults with T2DM, with lower doses potentially offering benefit. The analysis also showed a dose-dependent increase in 25-(OH)-D levels.

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Validation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) among Chinese Children (30 day view times: 17)

WANG Jing Jing, BARANOWSKI Tom, LAU WC Patrick, CHEN Tzu An, PITKETHLY Amanda Jane

2016, 29(3): 177-186. doi: 10.3967/bes2016.022

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Objective This study initially validates the Chines eversion of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), which has been identified as a potentially valid instrument to assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children among diverse racial groups. Methods The psychometric properties of the PAQ-C with 742 Hong Kong Chinese children were assessed withthe scale's internal consistency, reliability, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) in the overall sample, and multistep invariance tests across gender groups as well as convergent validity with body mass index (BMI), and an accelerometry-based MVPA. Results The Cronbach alpha coefficient (α=0.79),composite reliability value (ρ=0.81), andthe intraclass correlation coefficient(α=0.82)indicate the satisfactory reliability of the PAQ-C score.The CFA indicated data fit a single factor model, suggesting that the PAQ-C measures only one construct, on MVPA over the previous 7 days.The multiple-group CFAs suggested that the factor loadings and variances and covariances of the PAQ-C measurement model were invariant across gender groups. The PAQ-Cscore was related to accelerometry-based MVPA (r=0.33) and inversely related to BMI (r=-0.18). Conclusion This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the PAQ-Cin Chinese children.

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The Impacts of Climate Change on the Environment and Human Health in China: A Call for more Ambitious Action (30 day view times: 15)

Shilu Tong, Yu Wang, Yonglong Lu, Cunde Xiao, Qiyong Liu, Qi Zhao, Cunrui Huang, Jiayu Xu, Ning Kang, Tong Zhu, Dahe Qin, Ying Xu, Buda Su, Xiaoming Shi

2025, 38(2): 127-143. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.016

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As global greenhouse gases continue rising, the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before. China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change. The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts. This article aimed to review the evidence of environmental damages and health risks posed by climate change and to provide a new science-based perspective for the delivery of sustainable development goals. Over recent decades, China has experienced a strong warming pattern with a growing frequency of extreme weather events, and the impacts of climate change on China’s environment and human health have been consistently observed, with increasing O₃ air pollution, decreases in water resources and availability, land degradation, and increased risks for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, China’s climate policy should target the key factors driving climate change and scale up strategic measures to curb carbon emissions and adapt to inevitable increasing climate impacts. It provides new insights for not only China but also other countries, particularly developing and emerging economies, to ensure climate and environmental sustainability whilst pursuing economic growth.

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022: an Updated Summary (30 day view times: 15)

The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

2023, 36(8): 669-701. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.106

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In the past 30 years, the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made remarkable progress in China, ranking the first among middle-income countries. Many cardiovascular technologies are at or near the world's leading level, and significant progress has been achieved in China solving the problem of “treatment difficulty” of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, due to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents, a huge population with CVD risk factors, accelerated population aging, and other reasons, the incidence and mortality rate of CVD are still increasing, and the turning point of the decline in disease burden has not appeared yet in China. In terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents, CVD still ranks the first. In 2020, CVD accounted for 48.00% and 45.86% of the causes of death in rural and urban areas, respectively; two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that the number of current CVD patients in China is around 330 million, including 13 million stroke, 11.39 million coronary heart disease, 8.9 million heart failure, 5 million pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million rheumatic heart disease, 2 million congenital heart disease, 45.3 million peripheral artery disease, and 245 million hypertension cases. China has entered a new stage of transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development, and the prevention and control of CVD in China should also shift from previous emphasis on scale growth to strategies focusing more on strategic and key technological development in order to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality rates of CVD.

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Association of Longitudinal Change in Fasting Blood Glucose with Risk of Cerebral Infarction in a Patients with Diabetes (30 day view times: 13)

Taiyang Luo, Xuan Deng, Xueyu Chen, Yuhe Liu, Shuohua Chen, Haoran Sun, Ziwei Yin, Shouling Wu, Yong Zhou, Xingdong Zheng

2025, 38(8): 926-934. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.052

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Objective To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study. Methods This prospective, community-based cohort study included 12,054 patients with diabetes. From 2006 to 2012, 38,272 fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements were obtained from these participants. FBG trajectory patterns were generated using latent mixture modelling. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the subsequent risk of cerebral infarction associated with different FBG trajectory patterns. Results At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 55.2 years. Four distinct FBG trajectories were identified based on FBG concentrations and their changes over the 6-year follow-up period. After a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 786 cerebral infarction events were recorded. Different trajectory patterns were associated with significantly varied outcome risks (Log-Rank P < 0.001). Compared with the low-stability group, Hazard Ratio (HR) adjusted for potential confounders were 1.37 for the moderate-increasing group, 1.23 for the elevated-decreasing group, and 2.08 for the elevated-stable group. Conclusion Sustained high FBG levels were found to play a critical role in the development of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes. Controlling FBG levels may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction.

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Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese (2021) (30 day view times: 13)

Composing and Editorial Board of Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese

2022, 35(1): 1-3. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.001

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Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine — a Propensity Score Matched Test Negative Design Case-Control Study Using Medical Big Data in Three Provinces of China (30 day view times: 13)

Yuexin Xiu, Lin Tang, Fuzhen Wang, Lei Wang, Zhen Li, Jun Liu, Dan Li, Xueyan Li, Yao Yi, Fan Zhang, Lei Yu, Jingfeng Wu, Zundong Yin

2025, 38(9): 1032-1043. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.056

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Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020–2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study. Methods Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases tested for rotavirus (RV) infection. RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age, visit month, and province. Results The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis; 7.98% (2,192) were RV-positive. The VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1–2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection (inpatient or outpatient) was 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (< 5 months since the 3rd dose) to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year since the 3rd dose). The three-dose VE rate was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE. Conclusion Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children aged < 5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE. Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age, but remained above 60% for at least one year. VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.

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Coping as a Mechanism Linking Stressful Life Events and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents (30 day view times: 12)

MENG Xiu Hong, TAO Fang Biao, WAN Yu Hui, HU Yan, WANG Ren Xi

2011, 24(6): 649-655. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.06.009

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Objective Although stressful life events represent an etiologic factor of mental health problems in adolescents,few studies have been conducted to address mechanisms linking the stress-psychopathology relation.The present study was designed to examine coping as a mediate factor on the relationship between stressful life events and symptoms of anxiety and depression.Methods The participants were 13 512 students from eight cities of China,who participated in a school-based survey.Data were collected by a questionnaire comprising coping,stressful life events,anxiety,and depressive symptoms.As a model,a series of regression equations were used to examine whether coping mediated the association between stressful life events and symptoms of anxiety and depression.Results Each dimension of stressful life events showed significant correlation with anxiety,depression and coping (all P＜0.001).In the model to analyze mediate effects,all standardized coefficients (β) were significant (all P＜0.01),indicating marked mediator effects.Furthermore,negative coping might account for more mediate effects than positive coping on this relationship.Conclusion Coping partially mediated the relationship between stressful life events and mental health during adolescence.This study highlighted an important public health priority for preventive interventions targeting stress-related psychopathology,and for further promoting adolescents＇ mental health.

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Independent and Interactive Effects of Air Pollutants, Meteorological Factors, and Green Space on Tuberculosis Incidence in Shanghai (30 day view times: 12)

Qi Ye, Jing Chen, Yating Ji, Xiaoyu Lu, Jiale Deng, Nan Li, Wei Wei, Renjie Hou, Zhiyuan Li, Jianbang Xiang, Xu Gao, Xin Shen, Chongguang Yang

2025, 38(7): 792-809. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.041

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Objective To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants, meteorological factors, and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis (TB) cases. Methods TB case data from Shanghai (2013–2018) were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Environmental data on air pollutants, meteorological variables, and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases. Results Increased TB risk was linked to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and rainfall, whereas NO₂, SO₂, and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk. Specifically, the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags: PM_2.5 (RR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.026–1.325) at 0–19 weeks; PM₁₀ (RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.028–1.324) at 0–18 weeks; NO₂ (RR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.938–0.999) at 0–1 weeks; SO₂ (RR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.894–0.999) at 0–2 weeks; air pressure (RR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.447–0.816) at 0–8 weeks; and rainfall (RR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.076–1.833) at 0–22 weeks. Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases. Additionally, low temperatures amplified the effect of PM_2.5 on TB. Conclusion Exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and rainfall increased the risk of TB, highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.

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Correlation between Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality in College Students (30 day view times: 12)

ZHANG Yu Tong, HUANG Tao, ZHOU Fang, HUANG Ao Di, JI Xiao Qi, HE Lu, GENG Qiang, WANG Jia, MEI Can, XU Yu Jia, YANG Ze Long, ZHAN Jian Bo, CHENG Jing

2022, 35(7): 648-651. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.084

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Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Socio-economic Influencing Factors of Tuberculosis Incidence in Guangdong Province: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis (30 day view times: 12)

Huizhong Wu, Xing Li, Jiawen Wang, Ronghua Jian, Jianxiong Hu, Yijun Hu, Yiting Xu, Jianpeng Xiao, Aiqiong Jin, Liang Chen

2025, 38(7): 819-828. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.071

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Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019. Method Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model. Results Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk (RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86–0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure (RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.97), with a marginal effect of population density (RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86–1.00). Conclusion The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.

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Analysis of Tongue and Face Image Features of Anemic Women and Construction of Risk-Screening Model (30 day view times: 11)

Hongyuan Fu, Yi Chun, Yahan Zhang, Yu Wang, Yulin Shi, Tao Jiang, Xiaojuan Hu, Liping Tu, Yongzhi Li, Jiatuo Xu

2025, 38(8): 935-951. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.047

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Objective To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations, establish anemia risk-screening models, and evaluate their performance. Methods A total of 533 female participants (anemic and healthy) were recruited from Shuguang Hospital. Facial and tongue images were collected using the TFDA-1 tongue and face diagnosis instrument. Color and texture features from various parts of facial and tongue images were extracted using Face Diagnosis Analysis System (FDAS) and Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System version 2.0 (TDAS v2.0). Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection. Ten machine learning models and one deep learning model (ResNet50V2 + Conv1D) were developed and evaluated. Results Anemic women showed lower a-values, higher L- and b-values across all age groups. Texture features analysis showed that women aged 30–39 with anemia had higher angular second moment (ASM)and lower entropy (ENT) values in facial images, while those aged 40–49 had lower contrast (CON), ENT, and MEAN values in tongue images but higher ASM. Anemic women exhibited age-related trends similar to healthy women, with decreasing L-values and increasing a-, b-, and ASM-values. LASSO identified 19 key features from 62. Among classifiers, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model achieved the best performance [area under the curve (AUC): 0.849, accuracy: 0.781]. The ResNet50V2 model achieved comparable results [AUC: 0.846, accuracy: 0.818]. Conclusion Differences in facial and tongue images suggest that color and texture features can serve as potential TCM phenotype and auxiliary diagnostic indicators for female anemia.

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Association between PM_2.5 Chemical Constituents and Preterm Birth: The Undeniable Role of Preconception H19 Gene Variation (30 day view times: 11)

Yalong Wang, Panpan Sun, Xinying Wang, Junxi Zhang, Xiangyu Yu, Jian Chai, Ruo Du, Wenyi Liu, Fangfang Yu, Yue Ba, Guoyu Zhou

2025, 38(8): 1016-1022. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.076

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Changes in Esophageal Cancer Survival: A Global Review of Survival Analysis from Cancer Registration Data over the Past Three Decades (30 day view times: 11)

Zhuojun Ye, Danni Yang, Yu Jiang, Yuxuan Xiao, Zhuoying Li, Yuting Tan, Huiyun Yuan, Yongbing Xiang

2025, 38(5): 571-584. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.018

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Objective To describe survival trends and global patterns of esophageal cancer (EC) using survival data from population-based cancer registries. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SEER, and SinoMed databases for articles published up to 31 December 2023. Eligible EC survival estimates were evaluated according to country or region, period, sex, age group, pathology, and disease stage. Results After 2010, Jordan exhibited the highest age-standardized 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs)/net survival rates (NSRs) at 41.1% between 2010 and 2014, while India had the lowest, at 4.1%. Survival rates generally improved with diagnostic age across most countries, with significant increases in South Korea and China, of 12.7% and 10.5% between 2000 and 2017, respectively. Survival was higher among women compared to men, ranging from 0.4%–10.9%. Survival rates for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were similar, differing by about 4%. In China, the highest age-standardized RSRs/NSRs was 33.4% between 2015 and 2017. Meanwhile, the lowest was 5.3%, in Qidong (Jiangsu province) between 1992–1996. Conclusion Global EC survival rates have improved significantly in recent decades, but substantial geographical, sex, and age disparities still exist. In Asia, squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated superior survival rates compared to adenocarcinoma, while the opposite trend was observed in Western countries. Future research should clarify the prognostic factors influencing EC survival and tailor prevention and screening strategies to the changing EC survival patterns.

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