Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Role of Gold Nanorods Functionalized by Nucleic Acid Nanostructures Carrying Doxorubicin in Synergistic Anti-Cancer Therapy
Hao Wu, Huangshui Ma, Xinghan Wu, Qiang Sun, Lin Feng, Ruifang Jiang, Yanhong Li, Quan Shi
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.152
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  Objective   Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatment approaches. Developing synergistic therapy can provide a highly promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment through combining the benefits of various mechanisms.  Methods   In this study, we developed a synergistic strategy for chemo-photothermal therapy by constructing nanocomposites using gold nanorods (GNRs) and tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA) loaded with the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX).  Results   Our in vitro studies have systematically clarified the anti-cancer behaviors of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites, characterized by their enhanced cellular uptake and proficient lysosomal escape capabilities. It was found that the key role of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites in tumor ablation is primarily due to their capacity to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells via a photothermal effect, which generates instantaneous high temperatures. This mechanism introduces various responses in tumor cells, facilitated by the thermal effect and the integrated chemotherapeutic action of DOX. These reactions include the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species levels, the promotion of apoptotic cell death, and the suppression of tumor cell proliferation.  Conclusion   This work exhibits the potential of synergistic therapy utilizing nanocomposites for cancer treatment and offers a promising avenue for future therapeutic strategies.
miR-34c-3p Inhibits Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Development Via Inhibiting M2 Polarization of Macrophages
Yuzi Ji, Yujie Wang, Jiqing Ma, Zhihua Yin, Fei Liu, Yanzi Zang, Guangke Wang, Yong Tai
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.136
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  Objective  miR-34c-3p is down-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The biological role of miR-34c-3p in NPC and its underlying mechanisms are unknown and were explored in this study.  Methods  Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) and cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) expression; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were employed to examine mRNA expression and protein levels; cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and transwell assays were employed to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to assess pathological changes in tumor tissues.  Results  Our results revealed that the miR-34c-3p mimic markedly inhibited M2 polarization of macrophages by targeting SLC7A11, and M2 macrophages transfected with the miR-34c-3p mimic inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. The in vivo experiments further confirmed that miR-34c-3p mimics blocked tumor growth and reduced inflammatory infiltration in tumor tissues.  Conclusions  This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of NPC and a new treatment strategy.
Shenlian Extract Protects Against Ultrafine Particulate Matter-aggravated Myocardial Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis
Shuiqing Qu, Yan Liang, Shuoqiu Deng, Yu Li, Yue Dai, Chengcheng Liu, Tuo Liu, Luqi Wang, Lina Chen, Yujie Li
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.137
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  Objective  Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UPM, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Previous studies have found that Shenlian (SL) extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and has a promising protective effect at all stages of the atherosclerotic disease process. In this study, we aimed to investigated whether SL improves UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis.  Methods  We established a mouse model of MI+UPM. Echocardiographic measurement, measurement of myocardialinfarct size, biochemical analysis, ELISA, histopathological analysis, TUNEL, WB , PCR and so on were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of SL in vivo and in vitro.  Results  SL treatment can attenuate UPM-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and decreasing cardiac infarction area. SL significantly reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes and attenuated UPM-induced morphological alterations. Moreover, SL significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. UPM further increased the infiltration of macrophages in myocardial tissue, whereas SL intervention reversed this phenomenon. UPM also triggered myocardial apoptosis, which was markedly attenuated by SL treatment. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that SL prevented cell damage caused by exposure to UPM combined with hypoxia by reducing the expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB and inhibiting apoptosis in H9c2 cells.  Conclusion  Overall, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SL attenuated UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. The mechanisms were related to the downregulation of macrophages infiltrating heart tissues.
Trend of Relationship Models between Public and Private Hospitals in China Using Coopetition Theory
Peiqiang Yu, Zhan Shu, Yuanyuan Xu, Bo Sun
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.138
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles-Mumps-Rubella in Mainland China during 2014–2021
Zhuowei Li, Lele Deng, Jiandong Li, Xiang Ren, Guangxue He
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.135
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  Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) between 2014 and 2021 and identify potential strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MMR in China.  Methods  Data on MMR was obtained from China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System for the period from 2014 to 2021. Spatiotemporal distributions were analyzed using SaTScan; temporal trends were analyzed using JoinPoint; and clusters were visualized using ArcGIS.  Results  A total of 1,808,067 cases of MMR were reported from 2014 to 2021 in mainland China, most of which were children and students under the age of 20. The incidence of measles declined during 2014–2021, whereas that of mumps and rubella peaked in 2019. MMR-reported cases generally peaked from March to July; however, high numbers of mumps cases were reported from September to November in 2020–2021. Measles and rubella clusters predominantly occurred in Western China, whereas clusters of mumps were generally found in the southern region.  Conclusion  The relatively heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics of MMR have highlighted the weaknesses and gaps in surveillance and timely control of MMR transmission in mainland China. Real-time and intelligent monitoring data should be collected for evidence-based early interventions.
Longitudinal Associations Between Vitamin D Status and Systemic Inflammation Markers Among Early Adolescents
Ting Tang, Xinhui Wang, Xue Wen, Min Li, Mengyuan Yuan, Yonghan Li, Xiaoqin Zhong, Fangbiao Tao, Puyu Su, Xihua Yu, Gengfu Wang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.139
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blaNDM-1 Carried by a Transferable Plasmid in a Salmonella Strain Isolated from Healthy Individuals
ZENG Wei, LUO Ming, DU Pengcheng, LI Zhenpeng, PENG Yao, WANG Mengyu, ZHAO Wenxuan, ZHANG Huayao, LI Yang, LUO Pengjie, WU Yannong, XU Jialiang, LI Xu, LU Xin, KAN Biao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.104
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  Objectives   Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of Salmonella strains carrying the blaNDM-1 gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals. The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations, and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes.  Methods  We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and employed second- and third-generation sequencing techniques to analyze Salmonella strains harboring the blaNDM-1 gene, to surveil drug-resistant bacteria in the intestines of healthy subjects. Sequence comparison was conducted using both core- and pan-genome approaches. Concurrently, conjugation experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of plasmid transfer.  Results  We isolated a carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain from a healthy food worker in China. This strain harbored an IncHI2/IncHI2A plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings highlight the potential for asymptomatic carriers to facilitate the transmission of ARGs. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that blaNDM-1-positive plasmids could traverse bacterial species barriers, facilitating cross-host transmission.  Conclusions  This study marks the first detection of blaNDM-1 in Salmonella strains isolated from healthy individuals. We underscore the risk associated with the transmission of conjugative hybrid plasmids carrying blaNDM-1, which have the potential to be harbored and transmitted among healthy individuals. Enhanced surveillance of drug-resistant pathogens and plasmids in the intestinal microbiota of healthy individuals could provide insights into the risk of ARG transmission and pathways for population-wide dissemination via ARG transfer factors.
Elimination Progress of Human Rabies in Beijing, 1973-2023: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study
Tao Zhou, Xiaomei Li, Cheng Gong, Ming Luo, Dan Zhao, Jingbin Pan, Ziang Li, Quanyi Wang, Luodan Suo, Li Lu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.169
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W18O49 crystal and ICG labeled macrophage: An efficient targeting vector for fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Yang Bai, Guoqing Feng, Muskan Saif khan, Qingbin Yang, Tingting Hua, Hao-Lin Guo, Yuan Liu, Bowen Li, Yiwen Wu, Bin Zheng, Niansong Qian, Qing Yuan
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.171
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  Objective   Site-specific delivery of nanoparticles to tumor site for photothermal therapy is still a significant challenge in vivo. This study seeks to overcome the critical challenge of precise nanoparticle delivery for in vivo photothermal therapy (PTT) by engineering an innovative nanoparticle-based system designed for highly efficient, imaging-guided PTT.  Methods   we present (W18O49+ICG)@mSiO2 nanoparticles, co-loading tungsten oxide (W18O49) and indocyanine green (ICG) into mesoporous silica, transported by macrophages, which are predominantly localized in hypoxic and necrotic tumor microenvironments, thereby serving as cellular vectors for targeted delivery. The efficacy of this system was thoroughly evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of fluorescence imaging and in vivo photothermal therapeutic performance.  Results   The macrophages successfully internalized the (W18O49+ICG)@mSiO2 nanoparticles without inducing cytotoxicity. Upon near-infrared irradiation at the tumor site, the nanoparticles elicited substantial thermal effects, resulting in pronounced inhibition of tumor progression in vivo. The novel delivery system seamlessly integrates fluorescence imaging with PTT, optimizing both imaging accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness.  Conclusion   The (W18O49+ICG)@mSiO2@RAW delivery system offers a promising avenue for tumor-targeted photothermal therapy, with significant potential for application as a phosphorescent drug delivery vehicle in the treatment of various malignancies.
Association of Loneliness and Social Isolation with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Bidirectional and Network Mendelian Randomization Study
Shuyao Su, Wanyue Wang, Chenxi Yuan, Zhennan Lin, Xiangfeng Lu, Fangchao Liu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.170
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  Objective  Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation (SI) with ischemic heart disease (IHD), with unknown mediators.  Methods  Using data from genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to estimate causal effects of loneliness (N = 487,647) and SI traits on IHD (N = 184,305). SI traits included whether individuals lived alone, participated in various types of social activities, and how often they had contact with friends or family (N = 459,830 to 461,369). A network MR study was conducted to evaluate the mediating roles of 20 candidate mediators, including metabolic, behavioral and psychological factors.  Results  Loneliness increased IHD risk (OR 2.129; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.380 to 3.285), mediated by body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. For SI traits, only fewer social activities increased IHD risk (OR, 1.815; 95% CI, 1.189 to 2.772), mediated by hypertension, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin and smoking cessation. No reverse causality of IHD with loneliness and SI was found.  Conclusion  These findings suggested more attention should be paid to individuals who feel lonely and have fewer social activities to prevent IHD, with several mediators as prioritized targets for intervention.
Therapeutic Strategies for Tuberculosis: Progress and Lessons Learned
Qingfeng Sun, Shanshan Li, Mengqiu Gao, Yu Pang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.168
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Diagnostic value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Sequencing for Neurosyphilis with Cognitive Impairment
Lingyun Ji, Xinxin Chen, Bo Chen, Ning Jin, Ji Yang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.167
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Neurosyphilis (NS) is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum invading the central nervous system. It can manifest at any stage of syphilis, and is often misdiagnosed due to its atypical and progressive symptoms. The increasing incidence of NS underscores the necessity for early and accurate diagnosis. Here, we present a case where routine cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was used to diagnose a patient with neurosyphilis. The patient exhibited cognitive impairment and was initially diagnosed with cerebral infarction due to syphilitic cerebral arteritis. Thus, the patient was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) and statins to stabilize the plaques. Neurosyphilis was treated with penicillin sodium injections, resulting in significant improvement in the patient’s mental state. This case is a rare instance of neurosyphilis associated with cerebral infarction. These findings suggest that mNGS is a valuable tool in diagnosing neurosyphilis, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations and Risk of Pneumoconiosis: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Junyi He, Chenwei Zhang, Yukai Zhang, Jingfen Zhang, Xuesen Su, Peiyun He, Wenhui Bao, Haizhao Liu, Xiao Yu, Yiwei Shi
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.166
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Indoor Radon Survey in 31 Provincial Capital Cities and Estimation of Lung Cancer Risk in Urban Areas of China
Xiaoxiang Miao, Yinping Su, Changsong Hou, Yanchao Song, Bowei Ding, Hongxing Cui, Yunyun Wu, Quanfu Sun
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.165
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  Objective   We aimed to analyze the current indoor radon level and estimate the population risk of radon-induced lung cancer in urban areas of China.  Methods   Using the passive monitoring method, a new survey on indoor radon concentrations was conducted in 2,875 dwellings across 31 provincial capital cities in mainland China from 2018 to 2023. The attributable risk of lung cancer induced by indoor radon exposure was estimated based on the risk assessment model.  Results   The arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) of indoor radon concentrations were 65 Bq/m³ and 55 Bq/m³, respectively, with 13.6% of measured dwellings exceeding 100 Bq/m³ and 0.6% exceeding 300 Bq/m³. The estimated number of lung cancer deaths induced by indoor radon exposure was 150,795, accounting for 20.30% (95% CI: 20.21%-20.49%) of the lung cancer death toll.  Conclusion   This study provided the most recent data on national indoor radon levels in urban areas and the attributable risk of lung cancer. These results served as an important foundation for further research on the disease burden of indoor radon exposure and radon mitigation efforts.
Global Research Trends in Traditional Chinese Medicine and COVID-19: A Comprehensive Bibliometric and Visual Analysis
Lei Zhang, Lin Tong, Zihan Jia, Dan Li, Songwang Wang, Qiujie Cai, Sihong Liu, Guangkun Chen, Ziling Zeng, Hongjie Gao, Yan Ma, Huamin Zhang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.163
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Effect and Mechanism of Action of BMSC-derived Exosomes on Gas Explosion-induced Blast Lung Injury
Xiaoying Li, Jing He, Meng Deng, Hui Fan, Xiaofei Jin, Xuedan Deng, Wenjie Ren, Sanqiao Yao, Wu Yao, Changfu Hao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.161
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Construction of a Prognostic Model for Lysosome-dependent Cell Death in Gastric Cancer Based on Single-cell RNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq Data
Peng Ni, Kaixin Guo, Tianyi Liang, Xinshuang Fan, Yanqiao Hua, Yangye Gao, Shuaiyin Chen, Guangcai Duan, Rongguang Zhang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.159
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  Objective  To identify prognostic genes associated with lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) in patients with gastric cancer (GC).  Methods  Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas - Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify the key module genes associated with LDCD score. Candidate genes were identified by DEGs and key module genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for the selection of prognostic genes, and risk module was established. Subsequently, key cells were identified in the single-cell dataset (GSE183904), and prognostic gene expression was analyzed. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the wound healing assay.  Results  A total of 4,465 DEGs, 95 candidate genes, and 4 prognostic genes, including C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18, were identified in the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the excellent predictive power of the risk model. Three key cell types (B cells, chief cells, and endothelial/pericyte cells) were identified in the GSE183904 dataset. C19orf59 and TNFAIP2 exhibited predominant expression in macrophage species, whereas TNFAIP2 evolved over time in endothelial/pericyte cells and chief cells. Functional experiments confirmed that interfering with C19orf59 inhibited proliferation and migration in GC cells.  Conclusion  C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18 are prognostic genes associated with LDCD in GC. Furthermore, the risk model established in this study showed robust predictive power.
Activation of IP10/CXCR3 Signaling is Highly Coincidental with PrPSc Deposition in the Brains of Scrapie-infected Mice
Jia Chen, Cao Chen, Chao Hu, Wei Yang, Lin Wang, Dongdong Chen, Yuezhang Wu, Qi Shi, Xiaoping Dong
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.158
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  Objective  To analyze the relationship between Chemokine IP10 and its receptor CXCR3 during prion infection.   Methods  We investigated the increases in IP10 signals, primarily localized in neurons within the brains of scrapie-infected mice, using western blotting, ELISA, co-immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence assays, and RT-PCR.   Results  Both CXCR3 levels and activation were significantly higher in the brains of scrapie-infected mice and prion-infected SMB-S15 cells. Enhanced CXCR3 expression was predominantly observed in neurons and activated microglia. Morphological colocalization of PrPC/PrPSc with IP10/CXCR3 was observed in scrapie-infected mouse brains using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. IHC analysis of whole brain sections further revealed increased accumulation of IP10/CXCR3 specifically in brain regions with higher levels of PrPSc deposits. Co-immunoprecipitation and biomolecular interaction assays revealed the molecular interactions between PrP and IP10/CXCR3. Notably, a significantly larger amount of IP10 accumulated within prion-infected SMB-S15 cells than in the normal partner cell line, SMB-PS. Importantly, resveratrol treatment effectively suppressed prion replication in SMB-S15 cells, thereby restoring the accumulation and secretion pattern of cellular IP10 similar to that observed in SMB-PS cells.   Conclusion  Our data demonstrate that the activation of IP10/CXCR3 signaling in prion-infected brain tissues coincides with PrPSc deposition. Modulation of IP10/CXCR3 signaling in the brain represents a potential therapeutic target for mitigating the progression of prion diseases.
Impact of Laboratory Analytical Indicators on Positive Blood Culture Detection Rates: A Single Center Study
Di Wang, Lingli Liu, Ruirui Ma, Lijun Du, Guixue Cheng, Yali Liu, Qiaolian Yi, Yingchun Xu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.157
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  Objective  Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. Clinical laboratories must ensure the quality of blood culture processes from receipt to obtaining definitive results. We examined laboratory analytical indicators associated with positive blood culture results.   Methods  Blood cultures collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The mode of transportation (piping logistics delivery vs. staff), source of blood cultures (outpatient/emergency department vs. inpatient department), rotation of personnel, and time of reception (8:00–19:59 vs. 20:00–07:59) were compared between blood culture-positive and -negative results.   Results  Between 2020 and 2022, the total positive rate of blood culture was 8.07%. The positive rate of blood cultures in the outpatient/emergency department was significantly higher than that in the inpatient department (12.46% vs. 5.83%; P < 0.0001). The time-to-detection of blood cultures was significantly affected by the delivery mode and personnel rotation. The blood culture positive rate of the total pre-analytical time within 1 h was significantly higher than that within 1-2 h or > 2 h (P < 0.0170).   Conclusion  Laboratory analytical indicators such as patient source, transportation mode, and personnel rotation significantly impacted the positive detection rate or time of blood culture.
Relationship of Ambient Humidity with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Prospective Study of 24,510 Adults in a General Population
Congyi Zheng, Jiamin Wu, Haosu Tang, Xin Wang, Ye Tian, Xue Cao, Yixin Tian, Runqing Gu, Yuxin Song, Xuyan Pei, Jiayuan Qiu, Zujiao Nie, Minmei He, Gang Huang, Zengwu Wang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.156
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  Objective  This study aimed to explore the association between humidity exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), utilizing follow-up data and relative humidity (RH) metric assessments.  Methods  We extracted the baseline data from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS) of 24,510 enrolled participants aged ≥ 35 years without a history of CVD between 2012 and 2015 and followed them up from 2018 to 2019. The National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC) of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) provided the quality-controlled relative humidity (RH) datasets. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD in relation to RH.  Results  During the follow-up period (2018–2019), 973 patients with CVD were identified. The HR of CVD risk was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04–1.31) per 10% increase in summer mean RH. Compared with participants in the 3rd quintile group, those in the 1st and 5th quintiles of RH had a higher risk of CVD. For summer mean RH, the HRs (95% CIs) for the 1st and 5th quintiles were 1.34 (1.04–1.71) and 1.44 (1.14–1.83), respectively. The relationship (“U” shape) between summer mean RH and the risk of CVD was nonlinear. Stratified analyses indicated that the risk of CVD was substantially influenced by the summer mean RH in female, older individuals, and those in southern China.  Conclusion  Unsuitable (too high or low) humidity environments affect the risk of CVD. Our study highlights those future policies for adapting to climate change should consider the humidity–CVD relationship.
Cover
2024-10 Cover
2024, 37(10).  
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Contents
2024-10 Contents
2024, 37(10): 1-2.  
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Original Article
Association between Metal(loid) Exposure and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mediated by Anti-Müllerian Hormone among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
Shu Su, Mengyuan Ren, Yanqiu Feng, Changxin Lan, Lailai Yan, Qun Lu, Jia Xu, Bin Han, Lili Zhuang, Mingliang Fang, Bin Wang, Hongchu Bao, Bo Pan
2024, 37(10): 1107-1116.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.154
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  Objective  To investigate the relationship and potential pathways between metal(loid) exposure and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women of childbearing age.   Methods  This case-control study included 200 patients with PCOS (cases) and 896 non-PCOS controls with the age of 25–37 years. The concentrations of 29 metal(loid)s in the follicular fluid (FF) and clinical indicators in the serum were measured in all participants. Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis were conducted to evaluate the associations between metal(loid) exposure and PCOS risk and investigate the possible roles of clinical indicators, respectively.   Results  Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between high copper levels in FF and increased PCOS risk (highest vs. lowest quartile: adjusted odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.83–4.72). A high luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and elevated levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were strongly associated with increased PCOS risk induced by high copper exposure. The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of AMH in the association between copper exposure and PCOS risk.   Conclusion  Copper may affect PCOS risk through the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, mediated by AMH. Copper exposure and internal AMH levels are important indicators for early warning of PCOS development.
Simulated Microgravity can Promote the Apoptosis and Change Inflammatory State of Kupffer Cells
Jun Ge, Fei Liu, Hongyun Nie, Yuan Yue, Kaige Liu, Haiguan Lin, Hao Li, Tao Zhang, Hongfeng Yan, Bingxin Xu, Hongwei Sun, Jianwu Yang, Shaoyan Si, Jinlian Zhou, Yan Cui
2024, 37(10): 1117-1127.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.141
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  Objective  In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome sequences of Kupffer cells exposed to simulated microgravity for 3 d and conducted biological experiments to determine how microgravity initiates apoptosis in Kupffer cells.  Methods  Rotary cell culture system was used to construct a simulated microgravity model. GO and KEGG analyses were conducted using the DAVID database. GSEA was performed using the R language. The STRING database was used to conduct PPI analysis. qPCR was used to measure the IL1B, TNFA, CASP3, CASP9, and BCL2L11 mRNA expressions. Western Blotting was performed to detect the level of proteins CASP3 and CASP 9. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane cells. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect changes in the ultrastructure of Kupffer cells.  Results  Transcriptome Sequencing indicated that simulated microgravity affected apoptosis and the inflammatory state of Kupffer cells. Simulated microgravity improved the CASP3, CASP9, and BCL2L11 expressions in Kupffer cells. Annexin-V/ PI and JC-1 assays showed that simulated microgravity promoted apoptosis in Kupffer cells. Simulated microgravity causes M1 polarization in Kupffer cells.  Conclusion  Our study found that simulated microgravity facilitated the apoptosis of Kupffer cells through the mitochondrial pathway and activated Kupffer cells into M1 polarization, which can secrete TNFA to promote apoptosis.
Mito-TEMPO Ameliorates Sodium Palmitate Induced Ferroptosis in MIN6 Cells through PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy
Baolei Chang, Yanyu Su, Tingting Li, Yanxia Zheng, Ruirui Yang, Heng Lu, Hao Wang, Yusong Ding
2024, 37(10): 1128-1141.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.111
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  Objective   Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) could cause damage to pancreatic β-cells, rendering them susceptible to oxidative damage. Hence, investigating the potential of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (Mito-TEMPO) to protect pancreatic β-cells from ferroptosis by mitigating lipid peroxidation becomes crucial.  Methods   MIN6 cells were cultured in vitro with 100 μmol/L sodium palmitate (SP) to simulate diabetes. FerroOrange was utilized for the detection of Fe2+ fluorescence staining, BODIPY581/591C11 for lipid reactive oxygen species, and MitoSox-Red for mtROS. Alterations in mitophagy levels were assessed through the co-localization of lysosomal and mitochondrial fluorescence. Western blotting was employed to quantify protein levels of Acsl4, GPX4, FSP1, FE, PINK1, Parkin, TOMM20, P62, and LC3. Subsequently, interventions were implemented using Mito-TEMPO and Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to observe changes in ferroptosis and mitophagy within MIN6 cells.  Results   We found that SP induced a dose-dependent increase in Fe2+ and lipid ROS in MIN6 cells while decreasing the expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins. Through bioinformatics analysis, it has been uncovered that mitophagy assumes a crucial role within the ferroptosis pathway associated with diabetes. Additionally, SP decreased the expression of mitophagy-related proteins PINK1 and Parkin, leading to mtROS overproduction. Conversely, Mito-TEMPO effectively eliminated mtROS while activating the mitophagy pathways involving PINK1 and Parkin, thereby reducing the occurrence of ferroptosis in MIN6 cells. CCCP also demonstrated efficacy in reducing ferroptosis in MIN6 cells.  Conclusion   In summary, Mito-TEMPO proved effective in attenuating mtROS production and initiating mitophagy pathways mediated by PINK1 and Parkin in MIN6 cells. Consequently, this decreased iron overload and lipid peroxidation, ultimately safeguarding the cells from ferroptosis.
Marital Status as a Moderator: Exploring the Relationship between Social Engagement and Depressive Symptoms in China’s Older Adult Population
Jianlun Wu, Yaping Ye, Man Zhang, Ruichen Cong, Yitao Chen, Pengfei Yu, Qing Guo
2024, 37(10): 1142-1157.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.134
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  Objective  This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China, focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status.  Methods  This study used data from the latest Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The analysis used the latent class analysis to delineate personality clusters and hierarchical linear regression, supplemented by the PROCESS macro, to investigate the effects of social engagement and marital status on depressive symptoms.  Results  The analysis encompassed 7,789 respondents (mean age: 82.53 [s = 11.20] years), with 54% female. The personality analysis categorized participants into four clusters, with the majority (77.60%) classified as Confident Idealists, who exhibited the lowest levels of depressive symptoms. Hierarchical linear regression analysis yielded several significant findings: Higher levels of social engagement were significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms (t = –7.932, P < 0.001, B = –0.463). Marital status was a significant factor; married individuals reported fewer depressive symptoms compared to their unmarried counterparts (t = –6.368, P < 0.001, B = –0.750). There was a significant moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms (t = –2.092, P = 0.037, B = –0.217).  Conclusion  This study demonstrates that, among Chinese older adults, both social engagement and marital status significantly influence depressive symptoms. Higher social engagement, particularly in other activities like doing household chores, gardening, reading newspapers or books, and playing cards or Mahjong, is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, especially among married individuals.
The Effect of Blood Lipid Profiles on Chronic Kidney Disease in a Prospective Cohort: Based on a Regression Discontinuity Design
Kang Lyu, Shaodong Liu, Yanli Liu, Jinlong You, Xue Wang, Min Jiang, Chun Yin, Desheng Zhang, Yana Bai, Minzhen Wang, Shan Zheng
2024, 37(10): 1158-1172.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.113
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  Objective   Previous studies on the association between lipid profiles and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have yielded inconsistent results and no defined thresholds for blood lipids.  Methods   A prospective cohort study including 32,351 subjects who completed baseline and follow-up surveys over 5 years was conducted. Restricted cubic splines and Cox models were used to examine the association between the lipid profiles and CKD. A regression discontinuity design was used to determine the cutoff value of lipid profiles that was significantly associated with increased the risk of CKD.  Results   Over a median follow-up time of 2.2 (0.5, 4.2) years, 648 (2.00%) subjects developed CKD. The lipid profiles that were significantly and linearly related to CKD included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C were nonlinearly correlated with CKD. TC, TG, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C showed an upward jump at the cutoff value, increasing the risk of CKD by 0.90%, 1.50%, 2.30%, and 1.60%, respectively, whereas HDL-C showed a downward jump at the cutoff value, reducing this risk by 1.0%. Female and participants with dyslipidemia had a higher risk of CKD, while the cutoff values for the different characteristics of the population were different.  Conclusion   There was a significant association between lipid profiles and CKD in a prospective cohort from Northwest China, while TG, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C showed a stronger risk association. The specific cutoff values of lipid profiles may provide a clinical reference for screening or diagnosing CKD risk.
Spatial Heterogeneity and Risk Factors of Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Children in Shanxi Province, China
Ruxia Hou, Tingting Yang, Jiajia Liu, Hao Chen, Wen Kang, Junming Li, Xiaotong Shi, Yi Liang, Junyu Liu, Bin Zhao, Xiangyu Wang
2024, 37(10): 1173-1183.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.102
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  Objective   This study aimed to explore the spatial heterogeneity and risk factors for dental caries in 12-year-old children in Shanxi province, China.  Methods   The data encompassed 3,721 participants from the two most recent oral health surveys conducted across 16 districts in Shanxi Province in 2015 and 2018. Eighteen specific variables were analyzed to examine the interplay between socioeconomic factors, medical resources and environmental conditions. The Geo-detector model was employed to assess the impacts and interactions of these ecological factors.  Results   Socioeconomic factors (Q = 0.30, P < 0.05) exhibited a more substantial impact compared to environmental (Q = 0.19, P < 0.05) and medical resource factors (Q = 0.25, P < 0.05). Notably, the urban population percentage (UPP) demonstrated the most significant explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity in caries prevalence, as denoted by its highest q-value (q = 0.51, P < 0.05). Additionally, the spatial distribution’s heterogeneity of caries was significantly affected by SO2 concentration (q = 0.39, P < 0.05) and water fluoride levels (q = 0.27, P < 0.05) among environmental factors.  Conclusion   The prevalence of caries exhibited spatial heterogeneity, escalating from North to South in Shanxi Province, China, influenced by socioeconomic factors, medical resources, and environmental conditions to varying extents.
Association between Residential Greenness and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Adults in Rural Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Leyao Jian, Bo Yang, Rulin Ma, Shuxia Guo, Jia He, Yu Li, Yusong Ding, Dongsheng Rui, Yidan Mao, Xin He, Xueying Sun, Shengyu Liao, Heng Guo
2024, 37(10): 1184-1194.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.085
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  Objective  This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.  Methods  We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to estimate residential greenness. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors.  Results  Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence. After adjustments were made for age, sex, education, and marital status, for each interquartile range (IQR) increase of NDVI500-m, the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3% (OR = 0.897, 95% CI = 0.836–0.962), the risk of obesity by 20.5% (OR = 0.795, 95% CI = 0.695–0.910), the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1% (OR = 0.849, 95% CI = 0.740–0.974), and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5% (OR = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.825–0.971). Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4% (OR = 0.796, 95% CI = 0.716–0.885) for the same. Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and risk factor aggregation among male participants. The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level. PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%–9.2% of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity, dyslipidemia, and risk factor aggregation.  Conclusion  Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang. Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.
Efficacy and Safety of Combined Bedaquiline and Delamanid Use among Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China
Can Guo, Lihui Nie, Yanhua Song, Rongmei Liu, Xiaoguang Wu, Yuanyuan Shang, Xuxia Zhang, Yu Pang, Mengqiu Gao
2024, 37(10): 1195-1203.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.088
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  Objectives  The combined use of bedaquiline and delamanid (BDQ-DLM) is limited by an increased risk of prolonging the QTc interval. We retrospectively evaluated patients who received DLM/BDQ-containing regimens at a TB-specialized hospital. We aimed to present clinical efficacy and safety data for Chinese patients.  Methods  This case–control study included patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treated with BDQ alone or BDQ plus DLM.  Results  A total of 96 patients were included in this analysis: 64 in the BDQ group and 32 in the BDQ + DLM group. Among the 96 patients with positive sputum culture at the initiation of BDQ alone or BDQ combined with DLM, 46 patients (71.9%) in the BDQ group and 29 (90.6%) in the BDQ-DLM group achieved sputum culture conversion during treatment. The rate of sputum culture conversion did not differ between the two groups. The time to sputum culture conversion was significantly shorter in the BDQ-DLM group than in the BDQ group. The most frequent adverse event was QTc interval prolongation; however, the frequency of adverse events did not differ between the groups.  Conclusion  In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combined use of BDQ and DLM is efficacious and tolerable in Chinese patients infected with MDR-TB. Patients in the BDQ-DLM group achieved sputum culture conversion sooner than those in the BDQ group.
Letter to the Editor
Endometrial Cancer Research Based on Gut Microbiomics and Metabolomics: An Analysis of Correlation and Differences
Dan Xu, Fengqin Xue, Ruifang Zhai, Sanyuan Zhang, Zhe Wang, Peiyue Yu
2024, 37(10): 1204-1207.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.145
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Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Proteus mirabilis Harboring both blaNDM-1 and cfr genes
Meiqing Sun, Xiuhong Yang, Beibei Miao, Jingyi Zhang, Shuang Meng, Zhe Feng, Juan Li
2024, 37(10): 1208-1212.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.146
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Effects of Seasonal and Temperature Variations on the Association between Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and First-Aid Incidence for Neurological Diseases in Shenzhen, China
Tongyu Yang, Qingqing Wang, Yuchen Tian, Siyi Chen, Yilei Ma, Peng Wang, Suli Huang, Ji Peng, Jinquan Cheng, Jing Hu, Ping Yin
2024, 37(10): 1213-1220.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.147
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Thyroid Nodule Prevalence and Iodine Nutrition: Influencing Factors in Coastal Areas
Lijin Wang, Jiani Wu, Xiaoyan Wu, Ying Lan, Meng He, Diqun Chen, Zhihui Chen, Muhua Wang
2024, 37(10): 1221-1226.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.164
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Preparation and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Elimination Effect of Baicalein-Loaded Hyaluronic acid/β-Cyclodextrin grafted Chitosan Nanoparticles
Liting Lai, Wenyou Ding, Guoying Huang, Mengke Wang, Jinqing Chen, Liuzhen Lai, Xiuzhen Deng, Ling Tang, Xinyi Yu, Ya Huang, Thi Minh Hien Truong, Zhongbin Zhang, Wenya Ding
2024, 37(10): 1227-1231.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.160
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Bone Injury and Fracture Healing Biology
Ahmad Oryan, Somayeh Monazzah, Amin Bigham-Sadegh
2015, 28(1): 57-71.   doi: 10.3967/bes2015.006
[Abstract](11050) [PDF 3875KB](4710)
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021: An Updated Summary
The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
2022, 35(7): 573-603.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.079
[Abstract](13479) [FullText HTML](6371) [PDF 2336KB](6371)
The Serum Exosome Derived MicroRNA-135a, -193b, and-384 Were Potential Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers
YANG Ting Ting, LIU Chen Geng, GAO Shi Chao, ZHANG Yi, WANG Pei Chang
2018, 31(2): 87-96.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.011
[Abstract](8039) [FullText HTML](2762) [PDF 11333KB](2762)
Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases Caused by Specific Etiologies in China, 1990−2016: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
LI Man, WANG Zhuo Qun, ZHANG Lu, ZHENG Hao, LIU Dian Wu, ZHOU Mai Geng
2020, 33(1): 1-10.   doi: 10.3967/bes2020.001
[Abstract](8716) [FullText HTML](3140) [PDF 2552KB](3140)
Effects of Short-Term Forest Bathing on Human Health in a Broad-Leaved Evergreen Forest in Zhejiang Province, China
MAO Gen Xiang, LAN Xiao Guang, CAO Yong Bao, CHEN Zhuo Mei, HE Zhi Hua, LV Yuan Dong, WANG Ya Zhen, HU Xi Lian, WANG Guo Fu, YAN Jing
2012, 25(3): 317-324.   doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.010
[Abstract](5856) [PDF 528KB](2411)
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022: an Updated Summary
The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
2023, 36(8): 669-701.   doi: 10.3967/bes2023.106
[Abstract](5453) [FullText HTML](2637) [PDF 1561KB](2637)
Trends in Lipids Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults, 2002-2015
SONG Peng Kun, MAN Qing Qing, LI Hong, PANG Shao Jie, JIA Shan Shan, LI Yu Qian, HE Li, ZHAO Wen Hua, ZHANG Jian
2019, 32(8): 559-570.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.074
[Abstract](6565) [FullText HTML](2350) [PDF 3641KB](2350)
Stability of SARS Coronavirus in Human Specimens and Environment and Its Sensitivity to Heating and UV Irradiation
SHU-MING DUAN, Xin-sheng Zhao, RUI-FU WEN, JING-JING HUANG, GUO-HUA PI, SU-XIANG ZHANG, JUN HAN, SHENG-LI BI, LI RUAN, XIAO-PING DONG, SARS RESEARCH TEAM
2003, 16(3): 246-255.  
[Abstract](7169) [PDF 610KB](1780)
Protein Requirements in Healthy Adults:A Meta-analysis of Nitrogen Balance Studies
LI Min, SUN Feng, PIAO Jian Hua, YANG Xiao Guang
2014, 27(8): 606-613.   doi: 10.3967/bes2014.093
[Abstract](4406) [PDF 8784KB](1714)
Metabolomic Profiling Differences among Asthma, COPD, and Healthy Subjects: A LC-MS-based Metabolomic Analysis
LIANG Ying, GAI Xiao Yan, CHANG Chun, ZHANG Xu, WANG Juan, LI Ting Ting
2019, 32(9): 659-672.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.085
[Abstract](5129) [FullText HTML](1533) [PDF 2914KB](1533)
TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus
SHAO Nan, LI Fan, NIE Kai, FU Shi Hong, ZHANG Wei Jia, HE Ying, LEI Wen Wen, WANG Qian Ying, LIANG Guo Dong, CAO Yu Xi, WANG Huan Yu
2018, 31(3): 208-214.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.026
[Abstract](4444) [FullText HTML](1718) [PDF 4691KB](1718)
Evidence on Invasion of Blood, Adipose Tissues, Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure: Nanoplastics versus Microplastics
YANG Zuo Sen, BAI Ying Long, JIN Cui Hong, NA Jun, ZHANG Rui, GAO Yuan, PAN Guo Wei, YAN Ling Jun, SUN Wei
2022, 35(11): 1025-1037.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.131
[Abstract](2795) [FullText HTML](1319) [PDF 10064KB](1319)
Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Oncology Patientsand Its Association with Quality of Life
ZHANG Ya Hui, XIE Fang Yi, CHEN Ya Wen, WANG Hai Xia, TIAN Wen Xia, SUN Wen Guang, WU Jing
2018, 31(9): 637-644.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.088
[Abstract](5742) [FullText HTML](1646) [PDF 31943KB](1646)
Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Clinical Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
ZHANG Lu Lu, ZHANG Chi, PENG Jun Ping
2022, 35(5): 381-392.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.054
[Abstract](3022) [FullText HTML](1557) [PDF 2174KB](1557)
Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
JIA Bing Bing, YANG Zhou Xin, MAO Gen Xiang, LYU Yuan Dong, WEN Xiao Lin, XU Wei Hong, LYU XIAO Ling
2016, 29(3): 212-218.   doi: 10.3967/bes2016.026
[Abstract](2816) [PDF 803KB](1102)
Supplementation of Fermented Barley Extracts with Lactobacillus Plantarum dy-1 Inhibits Obesity via a UCP1-dependent Mechanism
XIAO Xiang, BAI Juan, LI Ming Song, ZHANG Jia Yan, SUN Xin Juan, DONG Ying
2019, 32(8): 578-591.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.076
[Abstract](4944) [FullText HTML](1244) [PDF 9101KB](1244)
The Emergence, Epidemiology, and Etiology of Haff Disease
PEI Pei, LI Xiao Yan, LU Shuang Shuang, LIU Zhe, WANG Rui, LU Xuan Cheng, LU Kai
2019, 32(10): 769-778.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.096
[Abstract](4902) [FullText HTML](2051) [PDF 2249KB](2051)
Protective Effect of Angiotensin (1-7) on Silicotic Fibrosis in Rats
ZHANG Bo Nan, XU Hong, GAO Xue Min, ZHANG Gui Zhen, ZHANG Xin, YANG Fang
2019, 32(6): 419-426.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.057
[Abstract](3714) [PDF 1328KB](1058)
Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Their Associated Socioeconomic Factors in China: A Spatial Analysis of A National Representative Survey
WANG Wei, ZHANG Mei, XU Cheng Dong, YE Peng Peng, LIU Yun Ning, HUANG Zheng Jing, HU Cai Hong, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Zhen Ping, LI Chun, CHEN Xiao Rong, WANG Li Min, ZHOU Mai Geng
2021, 34(12): 937-951.   doi: 10.3967/bes2021.130
[Abstract](3455) [FullText HTML](1674) [PDF 2205KB](1674)
Mutual Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis in China
CHENG Jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Yan Lin, WANG Li Xia, CHEN Ming Ting
2017, 30(5): 384-389.   doi: 10.3967/bes2017.051
[Abstract](4155) [FullText HTML](1458) [PDF 671KB](1458)

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Vol 37, No 10

(October, 2024)

ISSN 0895-3988

CN 11-2816/Q

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