Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Impact of Laboratory Analytical Indicators on Positive Blood Culture Detection Rates: A Single Center Study
Di Wang, Lingli Liu, Ruirui Ma, Lijun Du, Guixue Cheng, Yali Liu, Qiaolian Yi, Yingchun Xu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.157
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  Objective  Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. Clinical laboratories must ensure the quality of blood culture processes from receipt to obtaining definitive results. We examined laboratory analytical indicators associated with positive blood culture results.   Methods  Blood cultures collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The mode of transportation (piping logistics delivery vs. staff), source of blood cultures (outpatient/emergency department vs. inpatient department), rotation of personnel, and time of reception (8:00–19:59 vs. 20:00–07:59) were compared between blood culture-positive and -negative results.  Results  Between 2020 and 2022, the total positive rate of blood culture was 8.07%. The positive rate of blood cultures in the outpatient/emergency department was significantly higher than that in the inpatient department (12.46% vs. 5.83%; P < 0.0001). The time-to-detection of blood cultures was significantly affected by the delivery mode and personnel rotation. The blood culture positive rate of the total pre-analytical time within 1 h was significantly higher than that within 1–2 h or > 2 h (P < 0.0170).  Conclusion  Laboratory analytical indicators such as patient source, transportation mode, and personnel rotation significantly impacted the positive detection rate or time of blood culture.
Threshold-Effect Associations of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D on Bone Turnover Markers and GC rs2282679 Variants in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age
Xiaoyun Shan, Yuting Li, Xiayu Zhao, Yichun Hu, Siran Li, Huidi Zhang, Yang Cao, Rui Wang, Lichen Yang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.151
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The thresholds and the methods for estimating the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] thresholds have not reached a consensus. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) as well as GC gene polymorphisms, were reported to be associated with vitamin D status. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate possible 25(OH)D cutoffs for the associations between 25(OH)D and BTMs, and how GC gene variation influences such cutoffs in Chinese women of childbearing age. In total, 1505 non-pregnant or non-lactating women (18–45 years) were recruited from the 2015 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance. Serum 25(OH)D, osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), β-CrossLaps of type 1 collagen containing cross-linked C-telopeptide (β-CTX), and single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined. Locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplot and segmented regression were performed to estimate the 25(OH)D thresholds. The median serum 25(OH)D was 16.63 (11.96–22.55) ng/mL and the prevalence of low serum 25(OH)D (< 12 ng/mL) was 25.2%. Women with the lowest 25(OH)D had the highest β-CTX. After adjustment for the confounders, 25(OH)D cutoffs for OC [14.04 (12.84-15.23) ng/mL], β-CTX [13.94 (12.49–15.39) ng/mL], and P1NP [13.87 (12.37–15.37) ng/mL] in the whole population, cutoffs for OC [12.30 (10.68–13.91) ng/mL], β-CTX [12.23 (10.22–14.23) ng/mL], and P1NP [11.85 (10.40–13.31) ng/mL] in women with the GC rs2282679 G allele, and cutoffs for OC [12.75 (11.81–13.68) ng/mL], β-CTX [13.05 (11.78–14.32) ng/mL], and P1NP [12.81 (11.57–14.06) ng/mL] in women with the GC rs2282679 T allele, were observed. Below these cutoffs, BTMs were negatively associated with 25(OH)D, while above these cutoffs, BTMs plateaued. In Chinese women of childbearing age, there were thresholds effect of serum 25(OH)D concentrations on BTMs. The results indicated that serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 13.87 ng/mL in this population had adverse influences on maintaining bone remodeling. BTMs were suppressed at a relatively lower serum 25(OH)D in women with the GC rs2282679 G allele compared with those with the T allele.
Predicting Postoperative Circulatory Complications in Older Patients: A Machine Learning Approach
Xiaoyun Hu, Weixuan Sheng, Kang Yu, Jietai Duo, Pengfei Liu, Yawei Li, Dongxin Wang, Huihui Miao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.005
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  Objective  This study examines utilizes the advantages of machine learning algorithms to discern key determinants in prognosticate postoperative circulatory complications (PCCs) for older patients.  Methods  This secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial involved 1720 elderly participants in five tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. Participants aged 60-90 years undergoing major non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. The primary outcome metric of the study was the occurrence of PCCs, according to the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Anaesthesiology diagnostic criteria. The analysis metrics contained 67 candidate variables, including baseline characteristics, laboratory tests, and scale assessments.  Results  Our feature selection process identified key variables that significantly impact patient outcomes, including the duration of ICU stay, surgery, and anesthesia; APACHE-II score; intraoperative average heart rate and blood loss; cumulative opioid use during surgery; patient age; VAS-Move-Median score on the 1st to 3rd day; Charlson comorbidity score; volumes of intraoperative plasma, crystalloid, and colloid fluids; cumulative red blood cell transfusion during surgery; and endotracheal intubation duration. Notably, our Random Forest model demonstrated exceptional performance with an accuracy of 0.9872.  Conclusion  We have developed and validated an algorithm for predicting PCCs in elderly patients by identifying key risk factors.
Role of Gold Nanorods Functionalized by Nucleic Acid Nanostructures Carrying Doxorubicin in Synergistic Anti-Cancer Therapy
Hao Wu, Huangshui Ma, Xinghan Wu, Qiang Sun, Lin Feng, Ruifang Jiang, Yanhong Li, Quan Shi
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2024.152
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  Objective   Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatment approaches. Developing synergistic therapy can provide a highly promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment through combining the benefits of various mechanisms.  Methods   In this study, we developed a synergistic strategy for chemo-photothermal therapy by constructing nanocomposites using gold nanorods (GNRs) and tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA) loaded with the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX).  Results   Our in vitro studies have systematically clarified the anti-cancer behaviors of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites, characterized by their enhanced cellular uptake and proficient lysosomal escape capabilities. It was found that the key role of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites in tumor ablation is primarily due to their capacity to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells via a photothermal effect, which generates instantaneous high temperatures. This mechanism introduces various responses in tumor cells, facilitated by the thermal effect and the integrated chemotherapeutic action of DOX. These reactions include the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species levels, the promotion of apoptotic cell death, and the suppression of tumor cell proliferation.  Conclusion   This work exhibits the potential of synergistic therapy utilizing nanocomposites for cancer treatment and offers a promising avenue for future therapeutic strategies.
Experimental Study on Distribution and Deposition Characteristics of Phi-X174 and MS2 Bacteriophages in an Air Chamber
Baoying Zhang, Cuicui Ma, Yanyan Wang, Jin Shen
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.032
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Risk Factors and Predictive Model for Acute Mountain Sickness among Han Chinese Travelers to Tibet
Qianhui Gong, Qiong Li, Zhichao Xu, Xiaowei Chen, Xiaobing Shen
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.030
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Kitchen Ventilation Attenuate the Association of Solid Fuel Use with Sarcopenia: A Cross-sectional and Prospective Study
Yinghao Yuchi, Wei Liao, Jia Qiu, Ruiying Li, Kang Ning, Xiaotian Liu, Wenqian Huo, Zhenxing Mao, Jian Hou, Lei Zhang, Chongjian Wang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.031
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Deciphering the Role of VIM, STX8, and MIF in Pneumoconiosis Susceptibility: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Lung-Gut Axis and Multi-Omics Insights from European and East Asian Populations
Chenwei Zhang, Binbin Wan, Yukai Zhang, Tao Xiong, Yishan Li, Xuesen Su, Gang Liu, Yangyang Wei, Yuanyuan Sun, Jingfen Zhang, Xiao Yu, Yiwei Shi
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.028
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  Background  Pneumoconiosis, a lung disease caused by irreversible fibrosis, represents a significant public health burden. This study investigates the causal relationships between gut microbiota, gene methylation, gene expression, protein levels, and pneumoconiosis using a multi-omics approach and Mendelian randomization (MR).  Methods  We analyzed gut microbiota data from MiBioGen and Esteban et al. to assess their potential causal effects on pneumoconiosis subtypes (asbestosis, silicosis, and inorganic pneumoconiosis) using conventional and summary-data-based MR (SMR). Gene methylation and expression data from Genotype-Tissue Expression and eQTLGen, along with protein level data from deCODE and UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, were examined in relation to pneumoconiosis data from FinnGen. To validate our findings, we assessed self-measured gut flora from a pneumoconiosis cohort and performed fine mapping, drug prediction, molecular docking, and Phenome-Wide Association Studies to explore relevant phenotypes of key genes.  Results  Three core gut microorganisms were identified: Romboutsia (OR = 0.249) as a protective factor against silicosis, Pasteurellaceae (OR = 3.207) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (OR = 2.343) as risk factors for inorganic pneumoconiosis. Additionally, mapping and quantitative trait loci analyses revealed that the genes VIM, STX8, and MIF were significantly associated with pneumoconiosis risk.  Conclusions  This multi-omics study highlights the associations between gut microbiota and key genes (VIM, STX8, MIF) with pneumoconiosis, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies.
A Health Economic Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Prescription Review System in a Real-World Setting in China
Di Wu, Yingpeng Qiu, Liwei Shi, Kejun Liu, Xueqing Tian, Ping Ren, Mao You, Junrui Pei, Wenqi Fu, Yue Xiao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.025
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Generalized Functional Linear Models: Efficient Modeling for High-dimensional Correlated Mixture Exposures
Bingsong Zhang, Haibin Yu, Xin Peng, Haiyi Yan, Siran Li, Shutong Luo, Renhuizi Wei, Zhujiang Zhou, Yalin Kuang, Yihuan Zheng, Chulan Ou, Linhua Liu, Yuehua Hu, Jindong Ni
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.024
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  Objective  Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health. Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment, including high dimensionality, correlated exposure, and subtle individual effects.  Methods  We proposed a novel statistical approach, the generalized functional linear model (GFLM), to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures. GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation. The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.  Results  We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In the first application, we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI (2011–2016 cycles). The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect, with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI, respectively. For the second application, we investigated the association between four perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and gout risk (2007–2018 cycles). Unlike traditional methods, the GFLM indicated no significant association, demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.  Conclusion  GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis, offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results. It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications, advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
The Role of VSD in Enhancing the Biological Environment of Scarred Skin Incisions in Valve Replacement: A Clinical Study on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Extensive Burns and Cardiac Valve Neoplasms
Wei Liu, Ting He, Yang Chang, Longlong Yang, Chuan-an Shen
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.023
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Association between Solid Cooking Fuel Use and Frailty Trajectories: Findings from a Nationwide Cohort in China
Yang Liu, Bingjie Wu, Bingbing Fan, Chunxia Li, Chang Su, Aidong Liu, Tao Zhang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.022
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  Objective   Burning solid cooking fuel contributes to household air pollution and is associated with frailty. However, how solid cooking fuel use contributes to the development of frailty has not been well illustrated.  Methods   This study recruited 8,947 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011–2018. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify frailty trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between solid cooking fuel use and frailty trajectories. Population-attributable fractions were used to estimate the frailty burden from solid fuel use.  Results   We identified three frailty trajectories: low-stable (n = 5,789), moderate-increasing (n = 2,603), and fast-increasing (n = 555). Solid fuel use was associated with higher odds of being in the moderate-increasing (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08–1.42) and fast-increasing (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.14–1.92) trajectories. These associations were strengthened by longer solid fuel use (P for trend < 0.001). Switching to clean fuel significantly reduced the risk of being in these trajectories compared with persistent solid fuel users. Without solid fuel, 8% of moderate- and 19% of fast-increasing trajectories demonstrated frailty development like the low-stable group.  Conclusion   Solid cooking fuel use is associated with frailty trajectories in middle-aged and older Chinese populations.
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Lipid Peroxidation-Mediated Carbonyl Stress in Uranium-Intoxicated Kidney Cells via Nrf2/ARE Signaling
Jialin Liu, Min Wang, Rui Zhang, Jifang Zheng, Xixiu Jiang, Qiaoni Hu
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.021
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  Objective  To explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of H2S against lipid peroxidation-mediated carbonyl stress in the uranium-treated NRK-52E cells.  Methods  Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Reagent kits were used to detect carbonyl stress markers malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and protein carbonylation. Aldehyde-protein adduct formation and alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, aldo-keto reductase, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) expression were determined using western blotting or real-time PCR. Sulforaphane (SFP) was used to activate Nrf2. RNA interference was used to inhibit CBS expression.  Results  GYY4137 (an H2S donor) pretreatment significantly reversed the uranium-induced increase in carbonyl stress markers and aldehyde-protein adducts. GYY4137 effectively restored the uranium-decreased Nrf2 expression, nuclear translocation, and ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2, accompanied by a reversal of the uranium-decreased expression of CBS and aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes. The application of CBS siRNA efficiently abrogated the SFP-enhanced effects on the expression of CBS, Nrf2 activation, nuclear translocation, and ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2 and concomitantly reversed the SFP-enhanced effects of the uranium-induced mRNA expression of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes. Simultaneously, CBS siRNA reversed the SFP-mediated alleviation of the uranium-induced increase in reactive aldehyde levels, apoptosis rates, and uranium-induced cell viability.  Conclusion  H2S induces Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation, which modulates the expression of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes and the CBS/H2S axis. Simultaneously, the Nrf2-controlled CBS/H2S axis may at least partially promote Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. These events form a cycle-regulating mode through which H2S attenuates the carbonyl stress-mediated NRK-52E cytotoxicity triggered by uranium.
Burden of Headache Disorders in China and its Provinces, 1990–2021
Zhe Liu, Xuehua Hu, Lin Yang, Jinlei Qi, Jiangmei Liu, Lijun Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Peng Yin
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.019
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  Objective  To analyze the prevalence and burden of headache disorders in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021.  Methods  Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, the number of prevalent cases, prevalence rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALY rates were analyzed by sex, age group, and province for headache disorders and their subtypes (migraines and tension-type headaches [TTHs]) between 1990 and 2021. Percentage changes during this period were also estimated.  Results  In 2021, approximately 426 million individuals in China were affected by headache disorders, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 27,582.61/100,000. The age-standardized DALY rate for all headache disorders was 487.15/100,000. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of prevalent cases increased by 37.78%, while the prevalence of all headache disorders, migraines, and TTHs increased by 6.92%, 7.57%, and 7.86%, respectively. The highest prevalence was observed in the 30–34 age group (39,520.60/100,000). Migraine accounts for a larger proportion of DALYs attributable to headache disorders, whereas TTH has a greater impact on its prevalence. In 2021, the highest age-standardized DALY rates for headache disorders were observed in Heilongjiang (617.85/100,000) and Shanghai (542.86/100,000).  Conclusion  The prevalence of headache disorders is increasing in China. Effective health education, improve diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly for middle-aged working populations and women of childbearing age.
Increased Tertiary Lymphoid Structures are Associated with Exaggerated Tissue Damage in the Lung of Smoker Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Yue Zhang, Liang Li, Zikang Sheng, Yafei Rao, Xiang Zhu, Yu Pang, Mengqiu Gao, Xiaoyan Gai, Yongchang Sun
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.020
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  Objective   Cigarette smoking exacerbates progression of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) . The role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in chronic lung diseases has gained attention, but it remains unclear whether smoking-exacerbated lung damage in TB is associated with TLS. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of pulmonary TLS in smoking TB patients and therefore to explore the possible role of TLS in smoking-related lung injury in TB.  Methods   Lung tissues from 36 male patients (18 smokers and 18 non-smokers) who underwent surgical resection due to pulmonary TB were included in this study. Pathological and immunohistological analysis was conducted to evaluate the quantity of TLS, and chest CT was used to assess the severity of lung lesions. The correlation between TLS quantity and TB lesion severity scores was analyzed. Immune cells and chemokines for TLS formation were also evaluated and compared between smoker and nonsmoker patients.  Results   Smoking TB patients had significantly more TLS than non-smokers (P < 0.001). TLS quantity in both lung parenchyma and peribronchial regions correlated with TB lesion severity on chest CT (parenchyma: r = 0.5767; peribronchial: r = 0.7373; both P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased B cells, T cells, and CXCL13 expression in smoker patients with TB (P < 0.001).  Conclusion   Smoking TB patients exhibited increased pulmonary TLS, which was associated with exacerbated lung lesions on chest CT, suggesting that cigarette smoking may exacerbate lung damage by promoting TLS formation.
Changes in Esophageal Cancer Survival: A Global Review of Survival Analysis from Cancer Registration Data over the Past three Decades
Zhuojun Ye, Danni Yang, Yu Jiang, Yuxuan Xiao, Zhuoying Li, Yuting Tan, Huiyun Yuan, Yongbing Xiang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.018
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  Objective  To describe survival trends and global patterns of esophageal cancer (EC) using survival data from population-based cancer registries.  Methods  We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SEER, and SinoMed databases for articles published up to 31 December 2023. Eligible EC survival estimates were evaluated according to country or region, period, sex, age group, pathology, and disease stage.  Results  After 2010, Jordan exhibited the highest age-standardized 5-year RSRs/NSRs at 41.1% between 2010 and 2014, while India had the lowest, at 4.1%. Survival rates generally improved with diagnostic age across most countries, with significant increases in South Korea and China, of 12.7% and 10.5% between 2000 and 2017, respectively. Survival was higher among women compared to men, ranging from 0.4%-10.9%. Survival rates for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were similar, differing by about 4%. In China, the highest age-standardized RSRs/NSRs was 33.4% between 2015 and 2017. Meanwhile, the lowest was 5.3%, in Qidong (Jiangsu province) between 1992-1996.  Conclusion  Global EC survival rates have improved significantly in recent decades, but substantial geographical, sex, and age disparities still exist. In Asia, squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated superior survival rates compared to adenocarcinoma, while the opposite trend was observed in Western countries. Future research should clarify the prognostic factors influencing EC survival and tailor prevention and screening strategies to the changing EC survival patterns.
Re-exploration for Dietary Iodine Intake in Chinese Adults Using the Obligatory Iodine Loss Hypothesis
Xiaobing Liu, Jun Wang, Yajie Li, Hongxing Tan, Deqian Mao, Yanyan Liu, Weidong Li, Wei Yu, Junan Yan, Jianhua Piao, Chongzheng Guo, Xiaoli Liu, Xiaoguang Yang
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.017
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  Objective  This study aimed to explore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.  Methods  Data from 171 Chinese adults (19–21 years old) were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen, Yinchuan, and Changzhi. The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered (iodine intake: 11−26 μg·day−1) and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for iodine, including estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI).  Results  The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57, 58, and 51 μg·day−1 in three balance studies, respectively. Moreover, it was further suggested as 57, 58, and 51 μg·day−1 for iodine EAR, and 80, 81, and 71 μg·day−1 for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42, 1.41, and 1.20 μg·day−1·kg−1 of body weight.  Conclusion  The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis, which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.
Laboratory Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of the First Imported Case of Lassa Fever in China
Yuliang Feng, Wei Li, Mingfeng Jiang, Hongrong Zhong, Wei Wu, Lvbo Tian, Guo Chen, Zhenhua Chen, Can Luo, Rongmei Yuan, Xingyu Zhou, Jiandong Li, Xiaorong Yang, Ming Pan
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.014
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  Objective  This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever (LF) in China. Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus (LASV) from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.  Methods  Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, saliva, and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.  Results  LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF, blood, and urine, while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative. The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone. The variability in the glycoprotein complex (GPC) among different strains ranged from 3.9% to 15.1%, higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages. Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes, increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.  Conclusion  The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection, with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread. The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV, with broader GPC variability than previously reported. Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses, necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
Antibiotic-Depleted Lung Microbiota Modulates Surfactant Proteins Expression and Reduces Experimental Silicosis
Qiang Zhou, Meiyu Chang, Ning Li, Yi Guan, Sanqiao Yao
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.012
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  Objective   Recent studies have overturned the traditional concept of the lung as a "sterile organ" revealing that pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal surfactant proteins (SPs) expression are involved in the progression of silicosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal SPs expression and dysbiosis of lung microbiota in silica-induced lung fibrosis, providing insights into mechanisms of silicosis.  Methods   Lung pathology, SPs expression, and microbiota composition were evaluated in silica-exposed mice. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion was established, and alveolar structure and SPs expression were assessed. The roles of the lung microbiota and SPs in silicosis progression were further evaluated in mice with antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, both with and without silica exposure.  Results   Silica exposure induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased expression of SP-A expression. Antibiotics (Abx)-induced microbiota depletion elevated SP-A and SP-D expression. Furthermore, silica exposure altered lung microbiota composition, enriching potentially pathogenic taxa. However, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to silica exposure reduced silica-mediated lung fibrosis and inflammation.  Conclusion   Lung microbiota is associated with silica-induced lung injury. Overproduction of SP-A and SP-D, induced by Abx-induced microbiota depletion, may enhance the resistance of mouse lung tissue to silica-induced injury.
Environmental Temperature and the Risk of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Transmission in the Yangtze River Region of China
Yanqing Yang, Min Chen, Jin Li, Kaiqi Liu, Xueyan Guo, Xin Xu, Qian Liang, Xinglu Wu, Suwen Lei, Jing Li
In press  doi: 10.3967/bes2025.011
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  Objective  To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and socioeconomic factors.  Methods  From 2014-2016, data on HFMD incidence, population statistics, economic indicators, and meteorology from 26 cities along the Yangtze River were analyzed. A multi-city random-effects meta-analysis was performed to study the relationship between temperature and HFMD transmission, and health equity was assessed with respect to socio-economic impact.  Results  Over the study period, 919,458 HFMD cases were reported, with Shanghai (162,303) having the highest incidence and Tongling (5,513) having the lowest. Males were more commonly affected (male-to-female ratio, 1.49:1). The exposure-response relationship had an M-shaped curve, with two HFMD peaks occurring at 4°C and 26°C. The relative risk had two peaks at 1.30°C (1.834, 95% CI: 1.204–2.794) and 31.4°C (1.143, 95% CI : 0.901–1.451), forming an M shape, with the first peak higher than the second. The most significant impact of temperature on HFMD was observed between -2°C and 18.1°C. The concentration index (0.2463) indicated moderate concentration differences, whereas the Theil index (0.0418) showed low inequality in distribution.  Conclusion  The incidence of HFMD varied across cities, particularly with changes in temperature. Economically prosperous areas showed higher risks, indicating disparities. Targeted interventions in these areas are crucial for mitigating the risk of HFMD.
Cover
2025-2 Cover
2025, 38(2).  
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2025-2 Contents
2025, 38(2): 1-2.  
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Perspective
The Impacts of Climate Change on the Environment and Human Health in China: A Call for more Ambitious Action
Shilu Tong, Yu Wang, Yonglong Lu, Cunde Xiao, Qiyong Liu, Qi Zhao, Cunrui Huang, Jiayu Xu, Ning Kang, Tong Zhu, Dahe Qin, Ying Xu, Buda Su, Xiaoming Shi
2025, 38(2): 127-143.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.016
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As global greenhouse gases continue rising, the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before. China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change. The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts. This article aimed to review the evidence of environmental damages and health risks posed by climate change and to provide a new science-based perspective for the delivery of sustainable development goals. Over recent decades, China has experienced a strong warming pattern with a growing frequency of extreme weather events, and the impacts of climate change on China’s environment and human health have been consistently observed, with increasing O3 air pollution, decreases in water resources and availability, land degradation, and increased risks for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, China’s climate policy should target the key factors driving climate change and scale up strategic measures to curb carbon emissions and adapt to inevitable increasing climate impacts. It provides new insights for not only China but also other countries, particularly developing and emerging economies, to ensure climate and environmental sustainability whilst pursuing economic growth.
Original Article
Association between Organochlorine Exposures and Lung Functions Modified by Thyroid Hormones and Mediated by Inflammatory Factors among Healthy Older Adults
Xiaojie Guo, Huimin Ren, Jiran Zhang, Xiao Ma, Shilu Tong, Song Tang, Chen Mao, Xiaoming Shi
2025, 38(2): 144-153.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.015
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  Objective  To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.  Methods  This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan, Shandong Province, over a five-month period. Personal exposure to organochlorines was quantified using wearable passive samplers, while inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones were analyzed from blood samples. Participants’ lung function was evaluated. After stratifying participants according to their thyroid hormone levels, we analyzed the differential effects of organochlorine exposure on lung function and inflammatory factors across the low and high thyroid hormone groups. Mediation analysis was further conducted to elucidate the relationships among organochlorine exposures, inflammatory factors, and lung function.  Results  Bis (2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether (BCIE), was negatively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC, –2.05%, 95% CI: –3.11% to –0.97%), and associated with changes in inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-13 in the low thyroid hormone group. The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of IL-2 (15.63%, 95% CI: 0.91% to 44.64%) and IL-13 (13.94%, 95% CI: 0.52% to 41.07%) in the association between BCIE exposure and FVC.  Conclusion  Lung function and inflammatory factors exhibited an increased sensitivity to organochlorine exposure at lower thyroid hormone levels, with inflammatory factors potentially mediating the adverse effects of organochlorines on lung function.
Association of Co-Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Metal(loid)s with the Risk of Neural Tube Defects: A Case-Control Study in Northern China
Xiaoqian Jia, Yuan Li, Lei Jin, Lailai Yan, Yali Zhang, Jufen Liu, Le Zhang, Linlin Wang, Aiguo Ren, Zhiwen Li
2025, 38(2): 154-166.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.130
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  Objective   Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or metal(loid)s individually has been associated with neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the impacts of PAH and metal(loid) co-exposure and potential interaction effects on NTD risk remain unclear. We conducted a case-control study in China among population with a high prevalence of NTDs to investigate the combined effects of PAH and metal(loid) exposures on the risk of NTD.  Methods   Cases included 80 women who gave birth to offspring with NTDs, whereas controls were 50 women who delivered infants with no congenital malformations. We analyzed the levels of placental PAHs using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, PAH-DNA adducts with 32P-post-labeling method, and metal(loid)s with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Unconditional logistic regression was employed to estimate the associations between individual exposures and NTDs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression models were used to select a subset of exposures, while additive interaction models were used to identify interaction effects.  Results   In the single-exposure models, we found that eight PAHs, PAH-DNA adducts, and 28 metal(loid)s were associated with NTDs. Pyrene, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, uranium, and rubidium were selected through LASSO regression and were statistically associated with NTDs in the multiple-exposure models. Women with high levels of pyrene and molybdenum or pyrene and selenium exhibited significantly increased risk of having offspring with NTDs, indicating that these combinations may have synergistic effects on the risk of NTDs.  Conclusion   Our findings suggest that individual PAHs and metal(loid)s, as well as their interactions, may be associated with the risk of NTDs, which warrants further investigation.
Causal Associations between Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5), PM2.5 Absorbance, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: Evidence from a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Xu Zhang, Zhimeng Wu, Lu Zhang, Binglong Xin, Xiangrui Wang, Xinlan Lu, Guifang Lu, Mudan Ren, Shuixiang He, Yarui Li
2025, 38(2): 167-177.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.142
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  Objective   Several epidemiological observational studies have related particulate matter (PM) exposure to Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but many confounding factors make it difficult to draw causal links from observational studies. The objective of this study was to explore the causal association between PM2.5 exposure, its absorbance, and IBD.  Methods   We assessed the association of PM2.5 and PM2.5 absorbance with the two primary forms of IBD (Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]) using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship. We conducted two-sample MR analyses with aggregated data from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked with PM2.5 concentrations or their absorbance were used as instrumental variables (IVs). We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analytical approach and four other standard methods as supplementary analyses for quality control.  Results   The results of MR demonstrated that PM2.5 had an adverse influence on UC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.010; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001–1.019, P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the results of IVW showed that PM2.5 absorbance was also causally associated with UC (OR = 1.012; 95% CI = 1.004–1.019, P = 0.002). We observed no causal relationship between PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and CD. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, ensuring the reliability of MR results.  Conclusion   Based on two-sample MR analyses, there are potential positive causal relationships between PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and UC.
Effects of Hot Night Exposure on Human Semen Quality: A Multicenter Population-Based Study
Tingting Dai, Ting Xu, Qiling Wang, Haobo Ni, Chunying Song, Yushan Li, Fuping Li, Tianqing Meng, Huiqiang Sheng, Lingxi Wang, Xiaoyan Cai, Lina Xiao, Xiaolin Yu, Qinghui Zeng, Pi Guo, Xinzong Zhang
2025, 38(2): 178-193.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.131
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  Objective  To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period (0–90 lag days) with semen quality.  Methods  A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020 were recruited in this multicenter study. Two indices (i.e., hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration [HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.  Results  The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility. Specifically, a 1 °C increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.0147, –0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094 (95% CI: –0.0160, –0.0029). HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021 (95% CI: –0.0040, –0.0003) and 0.0023 (95% CI: –0.0043, –0.0002), respectively. Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.  Conclusion  Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
Separate and Combained Associations of PM2.5 Exposure and Smoking with Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Lu Cui, Zhihui Wang, Yuhong Liu, Linlin Ma, Shige Qi, Ran An, Xi Chen, Haoyan Guo, Yuxiang Yan
2025, 38(2): 194-205.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.181
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  Objective   The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory. We analyzed the combined effects of PM2.5 and smoking on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in an elderly community-dwelling Chinese population.   Methods   We assessed 24,117 individuals along with the annual average PM2.5 concentrations from 2012 to 2016. Dementia was confirmed in the baseline survey at a qualified clinical facility, and newly suspected dementia was assessed in 2017, after excluding cases of suspected dementia in 2015. National census data were used to weight the sample data to reflect the entire population in China, with multiple logistic regression performed to analyze the combined effects of PM2.5 and smoking frequency on dementia and cognitive impairment.   Results   Individuals exposed to the highest PM2.5 concentration and smoked daily were at higher risk of dementia than those in the lowest PM2.5 concentration group (OR, 1.603; 95% CI [1.626−1.635], P < 0.0001) and in the nonsmoking group (OR, 1.248; 95% CI [1.244−1.252]; P < 0.0001). Moderate PM2.5 exposure and occasional smoking together increased the short-term risk of cognitive impairment. High-level PM2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia, so more efforts are needed to reduce this risk through environmental protection and antismoking campaigns.   Conclusion   High-level PM2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia. Lowering the ambient PM2.5, and smoking cessation are recommended to promote health.
Shenlian Extract Protects against Ultrafine Particulate Matter-Aggravated Myocardial Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis
Shuiqing Qu, Yan Liang, Shuoqiu Deng, Yu Li, Yue Dai, Chengcheng Liu, Tuo Liu, Luqi Wang, Lina Chen, Yujie Li
2025, 38(2): 206-218.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.137
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  Objective  Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UPM, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Previous studies have found that Shenlian (SL) extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and has a promising protective effect at all stages of the atherosclerotic disease process. In this study, we aimed to investigated whether SL improves UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis.  Methods  We established a mouse model of MI+UPM. Echocardiographic measurement, measurement of myocardialinfarct size, biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological analysis, Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL), Western blotting (WB), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and so on were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of SL in vivo and in vitro.  Results  SL treatment can attenuate UPM-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and decreasing cardiac infarction area. SL significantly reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes and attenuated UPM-induced morphological alterations. Moreover, SL significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. UPM further increased the infiltration of macrophages in myocardial tissue, whereas SL intervention reversed this phenomenon. UPM also triggered myocardial apoptosis, which was markedly attenuated by SL treatment. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that SL prevented cell damage caused by exposure to UPM combined with hypoxia by reducing the expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB and inhibiting apoptosis in H9c2 cells.  Conclusion  Overall, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SL attenuated UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. The mechanisms were related to the downregulation of macrophages infiltrating heart tissues.
miR-34c-3p Inhibits Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Development via Inhibiting M2 Polarization of Macrophages
Yuzi Ji, Yujie Wang, Jiqing Ma, Zhihua Yin, Fei Liu, Yanzi Zang, Guangke Wang, Yong Tai
2025, 38(2): 219-229.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.136
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  Objective  miR-34c-3p is down-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The biological role of miR-34c-3p in NPC and its underlying mechanisms are unknown and were explored in this study.  Methods  Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) and cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) expression; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were employed to examine mRNA expression and protein levels; cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and transwell assays were employed to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to assess pathological changes in tumor tissues.  Results  Our results revealed that the miR-34c-3p mimic markedly inhibited M2 polarization of macrophages by targeting SLC7A11, and M2 macrophages transfected with the miR-34c-3p mimic inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. The in vivo experiments further confirmed that miR-34c-3p mimics blocked tumor growth and reduced inflammatory infiltration in tumor tissues.  Conclusion  This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of NPC and a new treatment strategy.
Review
Research Advances in the Construction and Application of Intestinal Organoids
Qingxue Meng, Hongyang Yi, Peng Wang, Shan Liu, Weiquan Liang, Cuishan Chi, Chenyu Mao, Weizheng Liang, Jun Xue, Hongzhou Lu
2025, 38(2): 230-247.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.010
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The structure of intestinal tissue is complex. In vitro simulation of intestinal structure and function is important for studying intestinal development and diseases. Recently, organoids have been successfully constructed and they have come to play an important role in biomedical research. Organoids are miniaturized three-dimensional (3D) organs, derived from stem cells, which mimic the structure, cell types, and physiological functions of an organ, making them robust models for biomedical research. Intestinal organoids are 3D micro-organs derived from intestinal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells that can successfully simulate the complex structure and function of the intestine, thereby providing a valuable platform for intestinal development and disease research. In this article, we review the latest progress in the construction and application of intestinal organoids.
Advancements in Mpox Vaccine Development: A Comprehensive Review of Global Progress and Recent Data
Yuqian Zhai, Yize Han, Wenling Wang, Wenjie Tan
2025, 38(2): 248-254.   doi: 10.3967/bes2024.121
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Since May 2022, a severe global Mpox epidemic has underscored the urgent need for a preventative vaccine. On September 16, 2022, the mainland of China reported its first case of imported Mpox, which was subsequently followed by a significant rise in domestic infections commencing from June 2023. This alarming trend has escalated the likelihood of localized outbreaks and covert transmission, posing a heightened risk to public health. Notably, the United States, many European countries, and Japan have approved the use of smallpox vaccines for Mpox prevention and emergency vaccination post-exposure, based on their cross-protection efficacy. In recent years, virology research has broadened its scope to include investigations into various novel vaccine approaches, such as nucleic acid-based vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and epitope peptide vaccines, and other related methodologies. This review offers a thorough examination of the current global landscape of Mpox prevalence, delves into the advancements in Mpox vaccine development, and highlights the progress achieved in Mpox vaccine research, serving as a valuable resource and providing technical insights essential for the effective prevention and control of Mpox.
Letter
Susceptible Windows of Prenatal Ozone Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Hospital-Based Observational Study
Rongrong Qu, Dongqin Zhang, Hanying Li, Jiayin Zhi, Yanxi Chen, Ling Chao, Zhenzhen Liang, Chenguang Zhang, Weidong Wu, Jie Song
2025, 38(2): 255-260.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.007
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Causal Association between PM2.5 Exposure and Preterm Birth based on Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Huina Wang, Yazhe Du, Juan Geng, Teng Zhang, Jinzhao Long, Haiyan Yang, Guangcai Duan, Shuaiyin Chen
2025, 38(2): 261-264.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.009
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Associations between Pesticide Metabolites and Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Solar Greenhouse Workers: A Specialized Farmer Group
Tenglong Yan, Xin Song, Xiaodong Liu, Wu Liu, Yonglan Chen, Xiaomei Zhang, Xiangjuan Meng, Binshuo Hu, Zhenxia Kou, Tian Chen, Xiaojun Zhu
2025, 38(2): 265-269.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.013
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Monotropein Alleviates Sepsis-induced Spleen Injury by Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis and Activating the Nrf2 Pathway
Le Bian, Feibiao Wang, Yue Yang, Kunmei Xie, Tingzhaoyun Hu, Jiadai Tang, Lei Wang, Zibo Dong
2025, 38(2): 270-276.   doi: 10.3967/bes2025.008
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Bone Injury and Fracture Healing Biology
Ahmad Oryan, Somayeh Monazzah, Amin Bigham-Sadegh
2015, 28(1): 57-71.   doi: 10.3967/bes2015.006
[Abstract](11878) [PDF 3875KB](5073)
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021: An Updated Summary
The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
2022, 35(7): 573-603.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.079
[Abstract](14969) [FullText HTML](7036) [PDF 2336KB](7036)
The Serum Exosome Derived MicroRNA-135a, -193b, and-384 Were Potential Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers
YANG Ting Ting, LIU Chen Geng, GAO Shi Chao, ZHANG Yi, WANG Pei Chang
2018, 31(2): 87-96.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.011
[Abstract](8503) [FullText HTML](2959) [PDF 11333KB](2959)
Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases Caused by Specific Etiologies in China, 1990−2016: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
LI Man, WANG Zhuo Qun, ZHANG Lu, ZHENG Hao, LIU Dian Wu, ZHOU Mai Geng
2020, 33(1): 1-10.   doi: 10.3967/bes2020.001
[Abstract](9356) [FullText HTML](3413) [PDF 2552KB](3413)
Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022: an Updated Summary
The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China
2023, 36(8): 669-701.   doi: 10.3967/bes2023.106
[Abstract](7149) [FullText HTML](3380) [PDF 1561KB](3380)
Effects of Short-Term Forest Bathing on Human Health in a Broad-Leaved Evergreen Forest in Zhejiang Province, China
MAO Gen Xiang, LAN Xiao Guang, CAO Yong Bao, CHEN Zhuo Mei, HE Zhi Hua, LV Yuan Dong, WANG Ya Zhen, HU Xi Lian, WANG Guo Fu, YAN Jing
2012, 25(3): 317-324.   doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.010
[Abstract](6270) [PDF 528KB](2618)
Trends in Lipids Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults, 2002-2015
SONG Peng Kun, MAN Qing Qing, LI Hong, PANG Shao Jie, JIA Shan Shan, LI Yu Qian, HE Li, ZHAO Wen Hua, ZHANG Jian
2019, 32(8): 559-570.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.074
[Abstract](7306) [FullText HTML](2654) [PDF 3641KB](2654)
Protein Requirements in Healthy Adults:A Meta-analysis of Nitrogen Balance Studies
LI Min, SUN Feng, PIAO Jian Hua, YANG Xiao Guang
2014, 27(8): 606-613.   doi: 10.3967/bes2014.093
[Abstract](4736) [PDF 8784KB](1859)
Stability of SARS Coronavirus in Human Specimens and Environment and Its Sensitivity to Heating and UV Irradiation
SHU-MING DUAN, Xin-sheng Zhao, RUI-FU WEN, JING-JING HUANG, GUO-HUA PI, SU-XIANG ZHANG, JUN HAN, SHENG-LI BI, LI RUAN, XIAO-PING DONG, SARS RESEARCH TEAM
2003, 16(3): 246-255.  
[Abstract](7287) [PDF 610KB](1833)
TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus
SHAO Nan, LI Fan, NIE Kai, FU Shi Hong, ZHANG Wei Jia, HE Ying, LEI Wen Wen, WANG Qian Ying, LIANG Guo Dong, CAO Yu Xi, WANG Huan Yu
2018, 31(3): 208-214.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.026
[Abstract](4879) [FullText HTML](1903) [PDF 4691KB](1903)
Evidence on Invasion of Blood, Adipose Tissues, Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure: Nanoplastics versus Microplastics
YANG Zuo Sen, BAI Ying Long, JIN Cui Hong, NA Jun, ZHANG Rui, GAO Yuan, PAN Guo Wei, YAN Ling Jun, SUN Wei
2022, 35(11): 1025-1037.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.131
[Abstract](3338) [FullText HTML](1558) [PDF 10064KB](1558)
Metabolomic Profiling Differences among Asthma, COPD, and Healthy Subjects: A LC-MS-based Metabolomic Analysis
LIANG Ying, GAI Xiao Yan, CHANG Chun, ZHANG Xu, WANG Juan, LI Ting Ting
2019, 32(9): 659-672.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.085
[Abstract](5356) [FullText HTML](1640) [PDF 2914KB](1640)
Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Clinical Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
ZHANG Lu Lu, ZHANG Chi, PENG Jun Ping
2022, 35(5): 381-392.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.054
[Abstract](3342) [FullText HTML](1721) [PDF 2174KB](1721)
Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
JIA Bing Bing, YANG Zhou Xin, MAO Gen Xiang, LYU Yuan Dong, WEN Xiao Lin, XU Wei Hong, LYU XIAO Ling
2016, 29(3): 212-218.   doi: 10.3967/bes2016.026
[Abstract](2995) [PDF 803KB](1176)
Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Oncology Patientsand Its Association with Quality of Life
ZHANG Ya Hui, XIE Fang Yi, CHEN Ya Wen, WANG Hai Xia, TIAN Wen Xia, SUN Wen Guang, WU Jing
2018, 31(9): 637-644.   doi: 10.3967/bes2018.088
[Abstract](6003) [FullText HTML](1792) [PDF 31943KB](1792)
The Emergence, Epidemiology, and Etiology of Haff Disease
PEI Pei, LI Xiao Yan, LU Shuang Shuang, LIU Zhe, WANG Rui, LU Xuan Cheng, LU Kai
2019, 32(10): 769-778.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.096
[Abstract](5161) [FullText HTML](2185) [PDF 2249KB](2185)
Supplementation of Fermented Barley Extracts with Lactobacillus Plantarum dy-1 Inhibits Obesity via a UCP1-dependent Mechanism
XIAO Xiang, BAI Juan, LI Ming Song, ZHANG Jia Yan, SUN Xin Juan, DONG Ying
2019, 32(8): 578-591.   doi: 10.3967/bes2019.076
[Abstract](5196) [FullText HTML](1361) [PDF 9101KB](1361)
Correlation between Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality in College Students
ZHANG Yu Tong, HUANG Tao, ZHOU Fang, HUANG Ao Di, JI Xiao Qi, HE Lu, GENG Qiang, WANG Jia, MEI Can, XU Yu Jia, YANG Ze Long, ZHAN Jian Bo, CHENG Jing
2022, 35(7): 648-651.   doi: 10.3967/bes2022.084
[Abstract](2847) [FullText HTML](1300) [PDF 1202KB](1300)
Mutual Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis in China
CHENG Jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Yan Lin, WANG Li Xia, CHEN Ming Ting
2017, 30(5): 384-389.   doi: 10.3967/bes2017.051
[Abstract](4411) [FullText HTML](1575) [PDF 671KB](1575)
Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Their Associated Socioeconomic Factors in China: A Spatial Analysis of A National Representative Survey
WANG Wei, ZHANG Mei, XU Cheng Dong, YE Peng Peng, LIU Yun Ning, HUANG Zheng Jing, HU Cai Hong, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Zhen Ping, LI Chun, CHEN Xiao Rong, WANG Li Min, ZHOU Mai Geng
2021, 34(12): 937-951.   doi: 10.3967/bes2021.130
[Abstract](3670) [FullText HTML](1786) [PDF 2205KB](1786)

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Vol 38, No 2

(February, 2025)

ISSN 0895-3988

CN 11-2816/Q

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